Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Nurse turnover intention is a multifactorial construct shaped by individual, occupational, organizational, and policy-level factors. Although widely studied in some regions, evidence from Southern Europe, particularly Spain, remains scarce. Understanding these factors in diverse healthca...

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Authors: Camacho-Montaño, Lucia, Gómez-Arribas, Sonia Betsabé, Moreno-Casbas, Teresa, Ropero-Sánchez, Andrea, Bernués-Caudillo, Leticia, Calleja-Toledano, Paloma, Recas-Martín, Alda, Zamora, Javier, Padilla-Bernáldez, Javier
Format: article
Publication Date:2026
Country:España
Institution:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
Repository:Repisalud
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:repisalud__::9f16c4336380c502f53c2ebd41f1777f
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27475
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Cross-sectional study
Nurses
Personnel turnover
Push–pull factors
Turnover intention
Working conditions
Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Intention
Job Satisfaction
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Personnel Turnover
Spain
Surveys and Questionnaires
Workplace
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spelling Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.Camacho-Montaño, LuciaGómez-Arribas, Sonia BetsabéMoreno-Casbas, TeresaRopero-Sánchez, AndreaBernués-Caudillo, LeticiaCalleja-Toledano, PalomaRecas-Martín, AldaZamora, JavierPadilla-Bernáldez, JavierCross-sectional studyNursesPersonnel turnoverPush–pull factorsTurnover intentionWorking conditionsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIntentionJob SatisfactionLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedNursesPersonnel TurnoverSpainSurveys and QuestionnairesWorkplaceBackground: Nurse turnover intention is a multifactorial construct shaped by individual, occupational, organizational, and policy-level factors. Although widely studied in some regions, evidence from Southern Europe, particularly Spain, remains scarce. Understanding these factors in diverse healthcare contexts is essential for designing effective retention strategies that are both locally relevant and internationally informative. Objective: This study aims to explore turnover intention prevalence and associated factors among nurses across different care settings in Spain. Design: A cross-sectional study. Settings: Primary care, hospitals, emergency services, or social healthcare settings. Participants: A total of 20,316 actively employed nurses. Methods: An online survey was disseminated by the Spanish Ministry of Health and other institutional channels. Turnover intention was the primary outcome and was measured with a single item asking whether nurses intended to leave the profession within the next 10 years (yes/no). Work-related variables and perceptions of care quality and patient safety were also collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify key predictors across care settings. Results: Of the 20,316 participants, most were women (84.8%) and 50.3% were under 35 years. Overall, 39.58% reported an intention to leave the nursing profession within 10 years. Turnover intention was significantly associated with perceptions of care quality (OR = 1.706, p < 0.001) and patient safety (OR = 1.809, p < 0.001), regional disparities, and temporary employment contracts (OR = 1.333, p < 0.001). In primary care, working as a generalist and on afternoon shifts increased turnover risk, while in hospitals, long shifts (> 7.5 h) were influential. Conclusions: This study provides novel insights into nurse turnover intention in Spain, highlighting the interplay of modifiable institutional factors and regional disparities in a decentralized health system. Turnover intention was strongly associated with organizational conditions, reinforcing the urgent need for tailored, context-sensitive retention strategies. Standardizing definitions, measurements, and temporal frameworks remains critical for advancing comparative research and developing effective, evidence-based interventions to strengthen the nursing workforce.Wiley20262026-05-1920262026-05-0920262026-05-09research articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/ziphttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27475reponame:Repisaludinstname:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:repisalud__::9f16c4336380c502f53c2ebd41f1777f2026-06-12T12:43:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
title Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
spellingShingle Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Camacho-Montaño, Lucia
Cross-sectional study
Nurses
Personnel turnover
Push–pull factors
Turnover intention
Working conditions
Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Intention
Job Satisfaction
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Nurses
Personnel Turnover
Spain
Surveys and Questionnaires
Workplace
title_short Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
title_full Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
title_fullStr Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
title_full_unstemmed Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
title_sort Turnover Intention and Its Relationship With Work-Related Factors Among Nurses in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Camacho-Montaño, Lucia
Gómez-Arribas, Sonia Betsabé
Moreno-Casbas, Teresa
Ropero-Sánchez, Andrea
Bernués-Caudillo, Leticia
Calleja-Toledano, Paloma
Recas-Martín, Alda
Zamora, Javier
Padilla-Bernáldez, Javier
author Camacho-Montaño, Lucia
author_facet Camacho-Montaño, Lucia
Gómez-Arribas, Sonia Betsabé
Moreno-Casbas, Teresa
Ropero-Sánchez, Andrea
Bernués-Caudillo, Leticia
Calleja-Toledano, Paloma
Recas-Martín, Alda
Zamora, Javier
Padilla-Bernáldez, Javier
author_role author
author2 Gómez-Arribas, Sonia Betsabé
Moreno-Casbas, Teresa
Ropero-Sánchez, Andrea
Bernués-Caudillo, Leticia
Calleja-Toledano, Paloma
Recas-Martín, Alda
Zamora, Javier
Padilla-Bernáldez, Javier
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cross-sectional study
Nurses
Personnel turnover
Push–pull factors
Turnover intention
Working conditions
Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Intention
Job Satisfaction
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Nurses
Personnel Turnover
Spain
Surveys and Questionnaires
Workplace
topic Cross-sectional study
Nurses
Personnel turnover
Push–pull factors
Turnover intention
Working conditions
Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Intention
Job Satisfaction
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Nurses
Personnel Turnover
Spain
Surveys and Questionnaires
Workplace
description Background: Nurse turnover intention is a multifactorial construct shaped by individual, occupational, organizational, and policy-level factors. Although widely studied in some regions, evidence from Southern Europe, particularly Spain, remains scarce. Understanding these factors in diverse healthcare contexts is essential for designing effective retention strategies that are both locally relevant and internationally informative. Objective: This study aims to explore turnover intention prevalence and associated factors among nurses across different care settings in Spain. Design: A cross-sectional study. Settings: Primary care, hospitals, emergency services, or social healthcare settings. Participants: A total of 20,316 actively employed nurses. Methods: An online survey was disseminated by the Spanish Ministry of Health and other institutional channels. Turnover intention was the primary outcome and was measured with a single item asking whether nurses intended to leave the profession within the next 10 years (yes/no). Work-related variables and perceptions of care quality and patient safety were also collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify key predictors across care settings. Results: Of the 20,316 participants, most were women (84.8%) and 50.3% were under 35 years. Overall, 39.58% reported an intention to leave the nursing profession within 10 years. Turnover intention was significantly associated with perceptions of care quality (OR = 1.706, p < 0.001) and patient safety (OR = 1.809, p < 0.001), regional disparities, and temporary employment contracts (OR = 1.333, p < 0.001). In primary care, working as a generalist and on afternoon shifts increased turnover risk, while in hospitals, long shifts (> 7.5 h) were influential. Conclusions: This study provides novel insights into nurse turnover intention in Spain, highlighting the interplay of modifiable institutional factors and regional disparities in a decentralized health system. Turnover intention was strongly associated with organizational conditions, reinforcing the urgent need for tailored, context-sensitive retention strategies. Standardizing definitions, measurements, and temporal frameworks remains critical for advancing comparative research and developing effective, evidence-based interventions to strengthen the nursing workforce.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026-05-19
2026
2026-05-09
2026
2026-05-09
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv research article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27475
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27475
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/zip
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repisalud
instname:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
instname_str Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
reponame_str Repisalud
collection Repisalud
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812455

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