Working from home and indoor environmental quality: a transdisciplinary questionnaire design based on a Delphi study

Telework has grown significantly in recent decades, driven particularly by the COVID-19 pandemic, which sparked interest in analysing the conditions under which it takes place, as it had never before been so widespread in such many countries. However, most studies emerged in an exceptional context,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Navas Martín, Miguel Ángel, Cuerdo-Vilches, Teresa, Meseguer Gancedo, Pablo
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::2c4b3142539376b9bd2151044dc7bbaa
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/426271
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Domestic
Environment home
Home office
IEQ
Telecommuting
Teleworking
Workplace
Workplace setting
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/11
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Descripción
Sumario:Telework has grown significantly in recent decades, driven particularly by the COVID-19 pandemic, which sparked interest in analysing the conditions under which it takes place, as it had never before been so widespread in such many countries. However, most studies emerged in an exceptional context, without comprehensively or on a large scale addressing the environmental conditions of home-based teleworking under normal circumstances. This study aimed to identify and reach consensus, through an expert panel, on criteria for assessing such conditions in the home, as well as to analyse users’ preferences, suitability, and satisfaction, by developing a robust questionnaire for its evaluation. A modified Delphi method was applied, involving two panels: specialists in the social sciences and in building sciences. Over four rounds, 18 social items and 59 construction-related items were gathered and refined, organised into four thematic blocks. Consensus was achieved through weighted scoring and the 75th percentile, resulting in a final questionnaire of 77 questions integrating both social and technical dimensions. For social science experts, variables such as educational level, occupation, and quality of digital devices were considered essential to understand the home teleworking experience. Experts in building physics and architecture prioritised general housing factors such as dwelling type, or tenure regime, whilst others resulted more specific, approaching IEQ, as lighting, thermal comfort, air quality, and acoustic insulation, besides ergonomics. The study also agreed on a definition of home-based teleworking, distinguishing it from other ways of remote work carried out in third-party locations—relevant, given that homes are not subject to the environmental regulations of traditional workplaces. Finally, and following data collection, the CHAMBER questionnaire yielded two validated constructs: Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), reflecting perceived comfort related to environmental conditions and control, and Physical Adequacy, assessing the suitability of the workspace’s architectural and functional features. This dual approach differentiates experiential environmental quality from the structural adequateness of home-based teleworking settings. The questionnaire, either based on standards, official and nationwide surveys, and scientific literature, may be applied in other countries, contributing to future research and public policies aimed at improving the environmental quality of home-based teleworking, to integrate both human and physical environmental factors, for workers’ health and wellbeing.