Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Programa Inova Fiocruz. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

Bibliographic Details
Authors: Pavan, Tycha Bianca Sabaini, Vasconcelos, Larissa Carvalho Medrado, Serrano, Isabela Machado, Campos, Denis Augusto Argolo, Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira, Ferreira, Randrin Queiroz Viana, Sampaio, Daniel Dias, Siqueira, Isadora Cristina de, Santos, Fred Luciano Neves
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2025
Country:Brasil
Institution:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
Repository:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:arca.fiocruz.br:icict/70527
Online Access:https://arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/70527
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Chagas Disease
Visceral leishmaniasis
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania infantum
Dogs
One health
Zoonosis
Doença de Chagas
Leishmaniose Visceral
Cães
Saúde Única
id BR_c93913a0a35c0bdd54bc6d9fc9d0af56
oai_identifier_str oai:arca.fiocruz.br:icict/70527
network_acronym_str BR
network_name_str Brasil
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project
title Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project
spellingShingle Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project
Pavan, Tycha Bianca Sabaini
Chagas Disease
Visceral leishmaniasis
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania infantum
Dogs
One health
Zoonosis
Doença de Chagas
Leishmaniose Visceral
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania infantum
Cães
Saúde Única
title_short Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project
title_full Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project
title_fullStr Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project
title_sort Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pavan, Tycha Bianca Sabaini
Vasconcelos, Larissa Carvalho Medrado
Serrano, Isabela Machado
Campos, Denis Augusto Argolo
Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira
Ferreira, Randrin Queiroz Viana
Sampaio, Daniel Dias
Siqueira, Isadora Cristina de
Santos, Fred Luciano Neves
author Pavan, Tycha Bianca Sabaini
author_facet Pavan, Tycha Bianca Sabaini
Vasconcelos, Larissa Carvalho Medrado
Serrano, Isabela Machado
Campos, Denis Augusto Argolo
Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira
Ferreira, Randrin Queiroz Viana
Sampaio, Daniel Dias
Siqueira, Isadora Cristina de
Santos, Fred Luciano Neves
author_role author
author2 Vasconcelos, Larissa Carvalho Medrado
Serrano, Isabela Machado
Campos, Denis Augusto Argolo
Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira
Ferreira, Randrin Queiroz Viana
Sampaio, Daniel Dias
Siqueira, Isadora Cristina de
Santos, Fred Luciano Neves
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.en.none.fl_str_mv Chagas Disease
Visceral leishmaniasis
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania infantum
Dogs
One health
Zoonosis
topic Chagas Disease
Visceral leishmaniasis
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania infantum
Dogs
One health
Zoonosis
Doença de Chagas
Leishmaniose Visceral
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania infantum
Cães
Saúde Única
dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv Doença de Chagas
Leishmaniose Visceral
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania infantum
Cães
Saúde Única
description Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Programa Inova Fiocruz. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2025-05-21T16:43:18Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2025-05-21T16:43:18Z
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv PAVAN, Tycha Bianca Sabaini et al. Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project. Parasites & Vectors, v.18, n.113, p. 1-7, 2025
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/70527
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 1756-3305
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1186/s13071-025-06744-9
identifier_str_mv PAVAN, Tycha Bianca Sabaini et al. Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project. Parasites & Vectors, v.18, n.113, p. 1-7, 2025
1756-3305
10.1186/s13071-025-06744-9
url https://arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/70527
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
instacron:FIOCRUZ
instname_str Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
instacron_str FIOCRUZ
institution FIOCRUZ
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
collection Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/c17fa32b-aeac-4d4f-bd33-9ff62d67f25f/download
https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/0a7ea5ba-8ebf-4911-906b-1bacfd16e28c/download
https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/5c95b891-f05a-4fb5-b2b0-e3245212868b/download
https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/184d2dbc-4dce-4f0d-ac8c-029532a96d87/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58
23d2e16c2aa3d1100a7ac596e40b24c9
60da7eaf231e0983d2b8a08df71221e4
0745e80a4aecb8a013ad27443414ff6e
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio.arca@fiocruz.br
_version_ 1853674304210731008
spelling 2025-05-21T16:43:18Z2025-05-21T16:43:18Z2025PAVAN, Tycha Bianca Sabaini et al. Prevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project. Parasites & Vectors, v.18, n.113, p. 1-7, 20251756-3305https://arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/7052710.1186/s13071-025-06744-9Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Programa Inova Fiocruz. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pesquisa Translacional em Doença de Chagas (Fio‑Chagas). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Investigação em Saúde Global e Doenças Negligenciadas. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia e Epidemiologia de Doenças Infecciosas. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pesquisa Translacional em Doença de Chagas (Fio‑Chagas). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Background: Chagas disease (CD) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are two important zoonotic diseases that present significant public health challenges in Latin America. Domestic dogs, due to their close contact with humans, serve as key reservoirs for both Trypanosoma cruzi (the causative agent of CD) and Leishmania infantum (the causative agent of VL), making them important sentinels in disease surveillance. This study, conducted as part of the Oxente Chagas Bahia Project, aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-T. cruzi and anti-L. infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Serum samples from 17 dogs were analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (using recombinant antigens (IBMP-8.1, IBMP-8.2, IBMP-8.3, IBMP-8.4) for T. cruzi and the TR DPP® rapid test and ELISA for L. infantum. Results: The results showed that 5.9% (1/17) of the dogs tested were seropositive for T. cruzi, indicating the presence of the parasite in the region. Similarly, 5.9% (1/17) of the dogs were confirmed to be positive for L. infantum by ELISA, although the results of the TR DPP® test initially suggested a higher prevalence (41.2%), highlighting the risk of false-positive results. Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical role of dogs in CD and VL surveillance, given their involvement in both domestic and peridomestic transmission cycles. The study also emphasizes the need for confirmatory testing to ensure diagnostic accuracy, which will contribute to more effective disease control strategies in endemic areas. This work highlights the importance of a One Health approach in which human and animal health are closely monitored to mitigate the transmission of zoonotic diseases.engBioMed CentralPrevalence of anti‑Trypanosoma cruzi and anti‑Leishmania infantum antibodies in domestic dogs from Tremedal, Bahia: insights from the Oxente Chagas Bahia Projectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleChagas DiseaseVisceral leishmaniasisTrypanosoma cruziLeishmania infantumDogsOne healthZoonosisDoença de ChagasLeishmaniose VisceralTrypanosoma cruziLeishmania infantumCãesSaúde Únicainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZPavan, Tycha Bianca SabainiVasconcelos, Larissa Carvalho MedradoSerrano, Isabela MachadoCampos, Denis Augusto ArgoloSilva, Ângelo Antônio OliveiraFerreira, Randrin Queiroz VianaSampaio, Daniel DiasSiqueira, Isadora Cristina deSantos, Fred Luciano NevesLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82991https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/c17fa32b-aeac-4d4f-bd33-9ff62d67f25f/download5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58MD51falseAnonymousREADORIGINALPavan, T. B. S. Prevalence of anti....pdfPavan, T. B. S. Prevalence of anti....pdfapplication/pdf1278537https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/0a7ea5ba-8ebf-4911-906b-1bacfd16e28c/download23d2e16c2aa3d1100a7ac596e40b24c9MD52trueAnonymousREADTEXTPavan, T. B. S. Prevalence of anti....pdf.txtPavan, T. B. S. Prevalence of anti....pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain33742https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/5c95b891-f05a-4fb5-b2b0-e3245212868b/download60da7eaf231e0983d2b8a08df71221e4MD511falseAnonymousREADTHUMBNAILPavan, T. B. S. Prevalence of anti....pdf.jpgPavan, T. B. S. Prevalence of anti....pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg38610https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/184d2dbc-4dce-4f0d-ac8c-029532a96d87/download0745e80a4aecb8a013ad27443414ff6eMD512falseAnonymousREADicict/705272025-12-10 14:29:32.785open.accessoai:arca.fiocruz.br:icict/70527https://arca.fiocruz.brRepositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.arca.fiocruz.br/oai/requestrepositorio.arca@fiocruz.bropendoar:21352025-12-10T17:29:32Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)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
score 15,301629