The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review

The cortical mantle is not homogeneous, so that three types of cortex can be distinguished: allocortex, periallocortex and isocortex. The main distinction among those three types is based on morphological differences, in particular the number of layers, overall organization, appearance, etc., as wel...

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Autores: Insausti, Ricardo, Muñoz López, Mónica, Insausti Serrano, Ana María, Artacho Pérula, Emilio
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2017
País:España
Recursos:Universidad Pública de Navarra
Repositório:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
OAI Identifier:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/30434
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2454/30434
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Human
Entorhinal cortex
Presubiculum
Parasubiculum
Layer pattern
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spelling The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A reviewInsausti, RicardoMuñoz López, MónicaInsausti Serrano, Ana MaríaArtacho Pérula, EmilioHumanEntorhinal cortexPresubiculumParasubiculumLayer patternThe cortical mantle is not homogeneous, so that three types of cortex can be distinguished: allocortex, periallocortex and isocortex. The main distinction among those three types is based on morphological differences, in particular the number of layers, overall organization, appearance, etc., as well as its connectivity. Additionally, in the phylogenetic scale, this classification is conserved among different mammals. The most primitive and simple cortex is the allocortex, which is characterized by the presence of three layers, with one cellular main layer; it is continued by the periallocortex, which presents six layers, although with enough differences in the layer pattern to separate three different fields: presubiculum (PrS), parasubiculum (PaS), and entorhinal cortex (EC). The closest part to the allocortex (represented by the subiculum) is the PrS, which shows outer (layers I–III) and inner (V–VI) principal layers (lamina principalis externa and lamina principalis interna), both separated by a cell poor band, parallel to the pial surface (layer IV or lamina dissecans). This layer organization is present throughout the anterior-posterior axis. The PaS continues the PrS, but its rostrocaudal extent is shorter than the PrS. The organization of the PaS shows the layer pattern more clearly than in the PrS. Up to six layers are recognizable in the PaS, with layer IV as lamina dissecans between superficial (layers I–III) and deep (V–VI) layers, as in the PrS. The EC presents even more clearly the layer pattern along both mediolateral and rostrocaudal extent. The layer pattern is a thick layer I, layer II in islands, layer III medium pyramids, layer IV as lamina dissecans (not present throughout the EC extent), layer V with dark and big pyramids and a multiform layer VI. The EC borders laterally the proisocortex (incomplete type of isocortex). Variations in the appearance of its layers justify the distinction of subfields in the EC, in particular in human and nonhuman primates. EC layers are not similar to those in the neocortex. The transition between the periallocortical EC and isocortex is not sharp, so that the proisocortex forms an intervening cortex, which fills the gap between the periallocortex and the isocortex.Frontiers MediaCiencias de la SaludOsasun Zientziak2017info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2454/30434reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarrainstname:Universidad Pública de NavarraInglés© 2017 Insausti, Muñoz-López, Insausti and Artacho-Pérula. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/304342026-06-17T12:41:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review
title The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review
spellingShingle The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review
Insausti, Ricardo
Human
Entorhinal cortex
Presubiculum
Parasubiculum
Layer pattern
title_short The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review
title_full The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review
title_fullStr The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review
title_full_unstemmed The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review
title_sort The human periallocortex: layer pattern in presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex. A review
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Insausti, Ricardo
Muñoz López, Mónica
Insausti Serrano, Ana María
Artacho Pérula, Emilio
author Insausti, Ricardo
author_facet Insausti, Ricardo
Muñoz López, Mónica
Insausti Serrano, Ana María
Artacho Pérula, Emilio
author_role author
author2 Muñoz López, Mónica
Insausti Serrano, Ana María
Artacho Pérula, Emilio
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias de la Salud
Osasun Zientziak
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Human
Entorhinal cortex
Presubiculum
Parasubiculum
Layer pattern
topic Human
Entorhinal cortex
Presubiculum
Parasubiculum
Layer pattern
description The cortical mantle is not homogeneous, so that three types of cortex can be distinguished: allocortex, periallocortex and isocortex. The main distinction among those three types is based on morphological differences, in particular the number of layers, overall organization, appearance, etc., as well as its connectivity. Additionally, in the phylogenetic scale, this classification is conserved among different mammals. The most primitive and simple cortex is the allocortex, which is characterized by the presence of three layers, with one cellular main layer; it is continued by the periallocortex, which presents six layers, although with enough differences in the layer pattern to separate three different fields: presubiculum (PrS), parasubiculum (PaS), and entorhinal cortex (EC). The closest part to the allocortex (represented by the subiculum) is the PrS, which shows outer (layers I–III) and inner (V–VI) principal layers (lamina principalis externa and lamina principalis interna), both separated by a cell poor band, parallel to the pial surface (layer IV or lamina dissecans). This layer organization is present throughout the anterior-posterior axis. The PaS continues the PrS, but its rostrocaudal extent is shorter than the PrS. The organization of the PaS shows the layer pattern more clearly than in the PrS. Up to six layers are recognizable in the PaS, with layer IV as lamina dissecans between superficial (layers I–III) and deep (V–VI) layers, as in the PrS. The EC presents even more clearly the layer pattern along both mediolateral and rostrocaudal extent. The layer pattern is a thick layer I, layer II in islands, layer III medium pyramids, layer IV as lamina dissecans (not present throughout the EC extent), layer V with dark and big pyramids and a multiform layer VI. The EC borders laterally the proisocortex (incomplete type of isocortex). Variations in the appearance of its layers justify the distinction of subfields in the EC, in particular in human and nonhuman primates. EC layers are not similar to those in the neocortex. The transition between the periallocortical EC and isocortex is not sharp, so that the proisocortex forms an intervening cortex, which fills the gap between the periallocortex and the isocortex.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2017
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2454/30434
url https://hdl.handle.net/2454/30434
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname:Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname_str Universidad Pública de Navarra
reponame_str Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
collection Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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