Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b
Context. HD 209458 b is an exoplanet with an upper atmosphere undergoing blow-off escape that has mainly been studied using measurements of the Lyα absorption. Recently, high-resolution measurements of absorption in the He I triplet line at 10 830 A of several exoplanets (including HD 209458 b) have...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2020 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/117 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa37175-19/aa37175-19.html http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/117 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Planets and satellites: atmospheres Planets and satellites: gaseous planets Planets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 b |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b |
| title |
Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b |
| spellingShingle |
Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b Lampón, M. Planets and satellites: atmospheres Planets and satellites: gaseous planets Planets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 b |
| title_short |
Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b |
| title_full |
Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b |
| title_fullStr |
Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b |
| title_sort |
Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Lampón, M. López Puertas, M. Lara, L. M. Sánchez López, A. Salz, M. Czesla, S. Sanz-Forcada, Jorge Molaverdikhani, K. Alonso Floriano, F. J. Nortmann, L. Caballero, J. A. Bauer, F. F. Pallé, E. Montes, D. Quirrenbach, A. Nagel, E. Ribas, I. Reiners, A. Amado, P. J. |
| author |
Lampón, M. |
| author_facet |
Lampón, M. López Puertas, M. Lara, L. M. Sánchez López, A. Salz, M. Czesla, S. Sanz-Forcada, Jorge Molaverdikhani, K. Alonso Floriano, F. J. Nortmann, L. Caballero, J. A. Bauer, F. F. Pallé, E. Montes, D. Quirrenbach, A. Nagel, E. Ribas, I. Reiners, A. Amado, P. J. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
López Puertas, M. Lara, L. M. Sánchez López, A. Salz, M. Czesla, S. Sanz-Forcada, Jorge Molaverdikhani, K. Alonso Floriano, F. J. Nortmann, L. Caballero, J. A. Bauer, F. F. Pallé, E. Montes, D. Quirrenbach, A. Nagel, E. Ribas, I. Reiners, A. Amado, P. J. |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE ANDALUCIA (IAA), SEV-2017-0709 0000-0002-0183-7158 0000-0003-2941-7734 0000-0002-7184-920X 0000-0002-0516-7956 0000-0002-0502-0428 0000-0002-7349-1387 0000-0003-1212-5225 0000-0003-0987-1593 0000-0002-7779-238X 0000-0002-4019-3631 0000-0002-6689-0312 0000-0002-8388-6040 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) Junta de Andalucía |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Planets and satellites: atmospheres Planets and satellites: gaseous planets Planets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 b |
| topic |
Planets and satellites: atmospheres Planets and satellites: gaseous planets Planets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 b |
| description |
Context. HD 209458 b is an exoplanet with an upper atmosphere undergoing blow-off escape that has mainly been studied using measurements of the Lyα absorption. Recently, high-resolution measurements of absorption in the He I triplet line at 10 830 A of several exoplanets (including HD 209458 b) have been reported, creating a new opportunity to probe escaping atmospheres. Aims. We aim to better understand the atmospheric regions of HD 209458 b from where the escape originates. Methods. We developed a 1D hydrodynamic model with spherical symmetry for the HD 209458 b thermosphere coupled with a non-local thermodynamic model for the population of the He I triplet state. In addition, we performed high-resolution radiative transfer calculations of synthetic spectra for the helium triplet lines and compared them with the measured absorption spectrum in order to retrieve information about the atmospheric parameters. Results. We find that the measured spectrum constrains the [H]/[H+] transition altitude occurring in the range of 1.2 RP-1.9 RP. Hydrogen is almost fully ionised at altitudes above 2.9 RP. We also find that the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet absorption takes place at effective radii from 1.16 to 1.30 RP, and that the He I triplet peak density occurs at altitudes from 1.04 to 1.60 RP. Additionally, the averaged mean molecular weight is confined to the 0.61-0.73 g mole-1 interval, and the thermospheric H/He ratio should be larger than 90/10, and most likely approximately 98/2. We also provide a one-to-one relationship between mass-loss rate and temperature. Based on the energy-limited escape approach and assuming heating efficiencies of 0.1-0.2, we find a mass-loss rate in the range of (0.42-1.00) ×1011 g s-1 and a corresponding temperature range of 7125-8125 K. Conclusions. The analysis of the measured He I triplet absorption spectrum significantly constrains the thermospheric structure of HD 209458 b and advances our knowledge of its escaping atmosphere. © ESO 2020. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020 2021 2021 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa37175-19/aa37175-19.html http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/117 |
| url |
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa37175-19/aa37175-19.html http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/117 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
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Inglés |
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BES-2015-074542 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87143-R ENTENDIENDO LA ESTRUCTURA INTERNA, LA EVOLUCION Y LA VARIABILIDAD DE ESTRELLAS DE BAJA MASA CON PLANETAS EXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA DE CARMENES Y PREPARACION DE LOS PROXIMOS BUSCADORES DE EXOPLANETAS ENANAS MARRONES Y PLANETAS AISLADOS Y COMO COMPAÑEROS DE ESTRELLAS ESTRUCTURA, PROCESOS Y CLIMA DE LAS ATMOSFERAS DE LA TIERRA Y EXO-PLANETAS BES-2015-073500 EXPANDIENDO FRONTERAS EN EXOPLANETAS: LA RUTA A ARIEL Y LA CARACTERIZACION DE EXO-TIERRAS FASES C/D DE INSTRUMENTOS JANUS Y GALA DE LA MISION JUICE (ESA), CIENCIA CON LA MISION ROSETTA Y ATMOSFERAS EXOPLANETARIAS info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-1-P info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-098153-B-C31 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-2-P info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2016-76076-R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//BES-2015-074542 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//BES-2015-073500 |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International © ESO 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International © ESO 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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EDP Sciences |
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EDP Sciences |
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reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial instname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) |
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DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial |
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DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial |
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Modelling the He i triplet absorption at 10 830 A in the atmosphere of HD 209458 bLampón, M.López Puertas, M.Lara, L. M.Sánchez López, A.Salz, M.Czesla, S.Sanz-Forcada, JorgeMolaverdikhani, K.Alonso Floriano, F. J.Nortmann, L.Caballero, J. A.Bauer, F. F.Pallé, E. Montes, D.Quirrenbach, A.Nagel, E.Ribas, I.Reiners, A.Amado, P. J.Planets and satellites: atmospheresPlanets and satellites: gaseous planetsPlanets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 bContext. HD 209458 b is an exoplanet with an upper atmosphere undergoing blow-off escape that has mainly been studied using measurements of the Lyα absorption. Recently, high-resolution measurements of absorption in the He I triplet line at 10 830 A of several exoplanets (including HD 209458 b) have been reported, creating a new opportunity to probe escaping atmospheres. Aims. We aim to better understand the atmospheric regions of HD 209458 b from where the escape originates. Methods. We developed a 1D hydrodynamic model with spherical symmetry for the HD 209458 b thermosphere coupled with a non-local thermodynamic model for the population of the He I triplet state. In addition, we performed high-resolution radiative transfer calculations of synthetic spectra for the helium triplet lines and compared them with the measured absorption spectrum in order to retrieve information about the atmospheric parameters. Results. We find that the measured spectrum constrains the [H]/[H+] transition altitude occurring in the range of 1.2 RP-1.9 RP. Hydrogen is almost fully ionised at altitudes above 2.9 RP. We also find that the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet absorption takes place at effective radii from 1.16 to 1.30 RP, and that the He I triplet peak density occurs at altitudes from 1.04 to 1.60 RP. Additionally, the averaged mean molecular weight is confined to the 0.61-0.73 g mole-1 interval, and the thermospheric H/He ratio should be larger than 90/10, and most likely approximately 98/2. We also provide a one-to-one relationship between mass-loss rate and temperature. Based on the energy-limited escape approach and assuming heating efficiencies of 0.1-0.2, we find a mass-loss rate in the range of (0.42-1.00) ×1011 g s-1 and a corresponding temperature range of 7125-8125 K. Conclusions. The analysis of the measured He I triplet absorption spectrum significantly constrains the thermospheric structure of HD 209458 b and advances our knowledge of its escaping atmosphere. © ESO 2020.We thank Prof. J. Linsky for his helpful refereed report. IAA authors acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award SEV-2017-0709. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almería, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Insitut für Astrophysik Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars”, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, funds through projects: ESP2016–76076–R, ESP2017-87143-R, BES–2015–074542, BES– 2015–073500, PGC2018-098153-B-C31, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P.Peer reviewEDP SciencesCentros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE ANDALUCIA (IAA), SEV-2017-07090000-0002-0183-71580000-0003-2941-77340000-0002-7184-920X0000-0002-0516-79560000-0002-0502-04280000-0002-7349-13870000-0003-1212-52250000-0003-0987-15930000-0002-7779-238X0000-0002-4019-36310000-0002-6689-03120000-0002-8388-6040Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)Junta de Andalucía202120212020info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501application/pdfhttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa37175-19/aa37175-19.htmlhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/117reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacialinstname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)InglésBES-2015-074542info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87143-RENTENDIENDO LA ESTRUCTURA INTERNA, LA EVOLUCION Y LA VARIABILIDAD DE ESTRELLAS DE BAJA MASA CON PLANETASEXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA DE CARMENES Y PREPARACION DE LOS PROXIMOS BUSCADORES DE EXOPLANETASENANAS MARRONES Y PLANETAS AISLADOS Y COMO COMPAÑEROS DE ESTRELLASESTRUCTURA, PROCESOS Y CLIMA DE LAS ATMOSFERAS DE LA TIERRA Y EXO-PLANETASBES-2015-073500EXPANDIENDO FRONTERAS EN EXOPLANETAS: LA RUTA A ARIEL Y LA CARACTERIZACION DE EXO-TIERRASFASES C/D DE INSTRUMENTOS JANUS Y GALA DE LA MISION JUICE (ESA), CIENCIA CON LA MISION ROSETTA Y ATMOSFERAS EXOPLANETARIASinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-1-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-3-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-098153-B-C31info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-2-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2016-76076-Rinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//BES-2015-074542info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//BES-2015-073500Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International© ESO 2020https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/1172026-06-23T12:46:37Z |
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15.223283 |