An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level
Purpose: rooftop greenhouses (RTGs) are increasing as a new form of urban agriculture. Several environmental, economic, and social benefits have been attributed to the implementation of RTGs. However, the environmental burdens and economic costs of adapting greenhouse structures to the current build...
| Autores: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2015 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:ddd.uab.cat:132050 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://ddd.uab.cat/record/132050 https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s11367-014-0836-9 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Building-integrated agriculture Industrial ecology Local production Rooftop farming Urban agriculture |
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oai:ddd.uab.cat:132050 |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level |
| title |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level |
| spellingShingle |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level Sanyé Mengual, Esther|||0000-0002-2349-9807 Building-integrated agriculture Industrial ecology Local production Rooftop farming Urban agriculture |
| title_short |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level |
| title_full |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level |
| title_fullStr |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level |
| title_full_unstemmed |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level |
| title_sort |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product level |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Sanyé Mengual, Esther|||0000-0002-2349-9807 Oliver-Solà, Jordi|||0000-0001-8034-8610 Montero Camacho, Juan Ignacio|||0000-0003-2548-4665 Rieradevall, Joan|||0000-0003-3360-6829 |
| author |
Sanyé Mengual, Esther|||0000-0002-2349-9807 |
| author_facet |
Sanyé Mengual, Esther|||0000-0002-2349-9807 Oliver-Solà, Jordi|||0000-0001-8034-8610 Montero Camacho, Juan Ignacio|||0000-0003-2548-4665 Rieradevall, Joan|||0000-0003-3360-6829 |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Oliver-Solà, Jordi|||0000-0001-8034-8610 Montero Camacho, Juan Ignacio|||0000-0003-2548-4665 Rieradevall, Joan|||0000-0003-3360-6829 |
| author2_role |
author author author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Building-integrated agriculture Industrial ecology Local production Rooftop farming Urban agriculture |
| topic |
Building-integrated agriculture Industrial ecology Local production Rooftop farming Urban agriculture |
| description |
Purpose: rooftop greenhouses (RTGs) are increasing as a new form of urban agriculture. Several environmental, economic, and social benefits have been attributed to the implementation of RTGs. However, the environmental burdens and economic costs of adapting greenhouse structures to the current building legislation were pointed out as a limitation of these systems in the literature. In this sense, this paper aims to analyse the environmental and economic performance of RTGs in Barcelona. - Methods: a real RTG project is here analysed and compared to an industrial greenhouse system (i.e. multi-tunnel), from a life cycle perspective. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methods are followed in the assessment. The analysis is divided into three parts that progressively expand the system boundaries: greenhouse structure (cradle-to-grave), at the production point (cradle-to-farm gate), and at the consumption point (cradle-to-consumer). The applied LCIA methods are the ReCiPe (hierarchical, midpoint) and the cumulative energy demand. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) approach is considered in the LCC. For the horticultural activity, a crop yield of 25 kg · m-2 is assumed for the RTG reference scenario. However, sensitivity analyses regarding the crop yield are performed during the whole assessment. - Results and discussion: the greenhouse structure of an RTG has an environmental impact between 17 and 75 % higher and an economic cost 2.8 times higher than a multi-tunnel greenhouse. For the reference scenario (yield 25 kg · m¯²), 1 kg of tomato produced in an RTG at the production point has a lower environmental impact (10-19 %) but a higher economic cost (24 %) than in a multi-tunnel system. At the consumption point, environmental savings are up to 42 % for local RTGs tomatoes, which are also 21 % cheaper than conventional tomatoes from multi-tunnel greenhouses in Almeria. However, the sensitivity assessment shows that the crop efficiency is determinant. Low yields can produce impacting and expensive vegetables, although integrated RTGs, which can take advantage from the residual energy from the building, can lead to low impacting and cheap local food products. -Conclusions: RTGs face law limitations that make the greenhouse structure less environmentally friendly and less economically competitive than current industrial greenhouses. However, as horticultural systems and local production systems, RTGs can become an environmentally friendly option to further develop urban agriculture. Besides, attention is paid to the crop yield and, thus, further developments on integrated RTGs and their potential increase in crop yields (i.e. exchange of heat and CO2 with the building) are of great interest. |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2 2015-01-01 2015 2015-01-01 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 AM http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa |
| dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| format |
article |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://ddd.uab.cat/record/132050 https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s11367-014-0836-9 |
| url |
https://ddd.uab.cat/record/132050 https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s11367-014-0836-9 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 CTM2013-47067-C2-1-R |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona |
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona |
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Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB |
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Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB |
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1869423061034336256 |
| spelling |
An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of rooftop greenhouse (RTG) implementation in Barcelona, Spain. Assessing new forms of urban agriculture from the greenhouse structure to the final product levelSanyé Mengual, Esther|||0000-0002-2349-9807Oliver-Solà, Jordi|||0000-0001-8034-8610Montero Camacho, Juan Ignacio|||0000-0003-2548-4665Rieradevall, Joan|||0000-0003-3360-6829Building-integrated agricultureIndustrial ecologyLocal productionRooftop farmingUrban agriculturePurpose: rooftop greenhouses (RTGs) are increasing as a new form of urban agriculture. Several environmental, economic, and social benefits have been attributed to the implementation of RTGs. However, the environmental burdens and economic costs of adapting greenhouse structures to the current building legislation were pointed out as a limitation of these systems in the literature. In this sense, this paper aims to analyse the environmental and economic performance of RTGs in Barcelona. - Methods: a real RTG project is here analysed and compared to an industrial greenhouse system (i.e. multi-tunnel), from a life cycle perspective. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methods are followed in the assessment. The analysis is divided into three parts that progressively expand the system boundaries: greenhouse structure (cradle-to-grave), at the production point (cradle-to-farm gate), and at the consumption point (cradle-to-consumer). The applied LCIA methods are the ReCiPe (hierarchical, midpoint) and the cumulative energy demand. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) approach is considered in the LCC. For the horticultural activity, a crop yield of 25 kg · m-2 is assumed for the RTG reference scenario. However, sensitivity analyses regarding the crop yield are performed during the whole assessment. - Results and discussion: the greenhouse structure of an RTG has an environmental impact between 17 and 75 % higher and an economic cost 2.8 times higher than a multi-tunnel greenhouse. For the reference scenario (yield 25 kg · m¯²), 1 kg of tomato produced in an RTG at the production point has a lower environmental impact (10-19 %) but a higher economic cost (24 %) than in a multi-tunnel system. At the consumption point, environmental savings are up to 42 % for local RTGs tomatoes, which are also 21 % cheaper than conventional tomatoes from multi-tunnel greenhouses in Almeria. However, the sensitivity assessment shows that the crop efficiency is determinant. Low yields can produce impacting and expensive vegetables, although integrated RTGs, which can take advantage from the residual energy from the building, can lead to low impacting and cheap local food products. -Conclusions: RTGs face law limitations that make the greenhouse structure less environmentally friendly and less economically competitive than current industrial greenhouses. However, as horticultural systems and local production systems, RTGs can become an environmentally friendly option to further develop urban agriculture. Besides, attention is paid to the crop yield and, thus, further developments on integrated RTGs and their potential increase in crop yields (i.e. exchange of heat and CO2 with the building) are of great interest. 22015-01-0120152015-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501AMhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/132050https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s11367-014-0836-9reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 CTM2013-47067-C2-1-Ropen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest material està protegit per drets d'autor i/o drets afins. Podeu utilitzar aquest material en funció del que permet la legislació de drets d'autor i drets afins d'aplicació al vostre cas. Per a d'altres usos heu d'obtenir permís del(s) titular(s) de drets.https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:1320502026-06-06T12:50:31Z |
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15,301629 |