European summer temperatures since Roman times
The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and de...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2016 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/129149 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/129149 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Common Era Heat waves Paleoclimatology Bayesian hierarchical modelling European summer temperature reconstruction Ensemble of climate model simulations Medieval Climate Anomaly |
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European summer temperatures since Roman times |
| title |
European summer temperatures since Roman times |
| spellingShingle |
European summer temperatures since Roman times Lutherbacher, J. Common Era Heat waves Paleoclimatology Bayesian hierarchical modelling European summer temperature reconstruction Ensemble of climate model simulations Medieval Climate Anomaly |
| title_short |
European summer temperatures since Roman times |
| title_full |
European summer temperatures since Roman times |
| title_fullStr |
European summer temperatures since Roman times |
| title_full_unstemmed |
European summer temperatures since Roman times |
| title_sort |
European summer temperatures since Roman times |
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Lutherbacher, J. Werner, J. P. Smerdon, Jason E. Fernández-Donado, Laura González-Rouco, J. F. Barriopedro, David Ljungqvist, F. C. Büntgen, U. Zorita, Eduardo Wagner, S. Esper, Jan McCarroll, D. Toreti, A. Frank, D. Jungclaus, J. H. Barriendos, Mariano Bertolin, C. Bothe, O. Brázdil, Rudolf Camuffo, D. Dobrovolný, P. Gagen, M. García-Bustamante, Elena Ge, Quansheng Gómez-Navarro, J. J. Guiot, J. Hao, Zhixin Hegerl, G. C. Holmgren, K. Klimenko, V.V. Martín-Chivelet, J. Pfister, C. Roberts, N. Schindler, A. Schurer, A. Solomina, O. Von Gunten, L. Wahl, E. Wanner, H. Wetter, O. Xoplaki, E. Yuan, N. Zanchettin, D. Zhang, H. Zerefos, C. |
| author |
Lutherbacher, J. |
| author_facet |
Lutherbacher, J. Werner, J. P. Smerdon, Jason E. Fernández-Donado, Laura González-Rouco, J. F. Barriopedro, David Ljungqvist, F. C. Büntgen, U. Zorita, Eduardo Wagner, S. Esper, Jan McCarroll, D. Toreti, A. Frank, D. Jungclaus, J. H. Barriendos, Mariano Bertolin, C. Bothe, O. Brázdil, Rudolf Camuffo, D. Dobrovolný, P. Gagen, M. García-Bustamante, Elena Ge, Quansheng Gómez-Navarro, J. J. Guiot, J. Hao, Zhixin Hegerl, G. C. Holmgren, K. Klimenko, V.V. Martín-Chivelet, J. Pfister, C. Roberts, N. Schindler, A. Schurer, A. Solomina, O. Von Gunten, L. Wahl, E. Wanner, H. Wetter, O. Xoplaki, E. Yuan, N. Zanchettin, D. Zhang, H. Zerefos, C. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Werner, J. P. Smerdon, Jason E. Fernández-Donado, Laura González-Rouco, J. F. Barriopedro, David Ljungqvist, F. C. Büntgen, U. Zorita, Eduardo Wagner, S. Esper, Jan McCarroll, D. Toreti, A. Frank, D. Jungclaus, J. H. Barriendos, Mariano Bertolin, C. Bothe, O. Brázdil, Rudolf Camuffo, D. Dobrovolný, P. Gagen, M. García-Bustamante, Elena Ge, Quansheng Gómez-Navarro, J. J. Guiot, J. Hao, Zhixin Hegerl, G. C. Holmgren, K. Klimenko, V.V. Martín-Chivelet, J. Pfister, C. Roberts, N. Schindler, A. Schurer, A. Solomina, O. Von Gunten, L. Wahl, E. Wanner, H. Wetter, O. Xoplaki, E. Yuan, N. Zanchettin, D. Zhang, H. Zerefos, C. |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Common Era Heat waves Paleoclimatology Bayesian hierarchical modelling European summer temperature reconstruction Ensemble of climate model simulations Medieval Climate Anomaly |
| topic |
Common Era Heat waves Paleoclimatology Bayesian hierarchical modelling European summer temperature reconstruction Ensemble of climate model simulations Medieval Climate Anomaly |
| description |
The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatio-temporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June–August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951–2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986–2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850–2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales. |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016 2016 2016 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/129149 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/129149 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024001 Sí |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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Institute of Physics Publishing |
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Institute of Physics Publishing |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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1869422569464004608 |
| spelling |
European summer temperatures since Roman timesLutherbacher, J.Werner, J. P.Smerdon, Jason E.Fernández-Donado, LauraGonzález-Rouco, J. F.Barriopedro, DavidLjungqvist, F. C.Büntgen, U.Zorita, EduardoWagner, S.Esper, JanMcCarroll, D.Toreti, A.Frank, D.Jungclaus, J. H.Barriendos, MarianoBertolin, C.Bothe, O.Brázdil, RudolfCamuffo, D.Dobrovolný, P.Gagen, M.García-Bustamante, ElenaGe, QuanshengGómez-Navarro, J. J.Guiot, J.Hao, ZhixinHegerl, G. C.Holmgren, K.Klimenko, V.V.Martín-Chivelet, J.Pfister, C.Roberts, N.Schindler, A.Schurer, A.Solomina, O.Von Gunten, L.Wahl, E.Wanner, H.Wetter, O.Xoplaki, E.Yuan, N.Zanchettin, D.Zhang, H.Zerefos, C.Common EraHeat wavesPaleoclimatologyBayesian hierarchical modellingEuropean summer temperature reconstructionEnsemble of climate model simulationsMedieval Climate AnomalyThe spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatio-temporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June–August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951–2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986–2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850–2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales.Support for PAGES 2k activities is provided by the US and Swiss National Science Foundations, US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. JPWacknowledges support from the Centre of Climate Dynamics (SKD), Bergen. The work of OB, SW and EZ is part of CLISAP. JL, SW, EZ, JPW, JGN, OB also acknowledge support by the German Science Foundation Project ‘Precipitation in the past millennia in Europe–Extensionback toRoman times’.MBacknowledges the Catalan Meteorological Survey (SMC), National Programme I+D, Project CGL2011-28255. PD and RB acknowledge support from the Czech Science Foundation project no. GA13-04291S. VK was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant 14- 19-00765) and the Russian Foundation for Humanities (grants 15-07-00012, 15-37-11129). GH and AS are supported by the ERC funded project TITAN (EC- 320691). GH was further funded by the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society as a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM130060) holder. NY is funded by the LOEWEexcellence cluster FACE2- FACE of the Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts; HZ acknowledge support from the DFG project AFICHE. Lamont contribution #7961. The reconstructions can be downloaded from the NOAA paleoclimate homepage: www.ncdc.noaa. gov/paleo/study/19600. LFD, EGB and JFGR were supported by grants CGL2011-29677-c02-02 and CGL2014-599644-R. All authors are part of the Euro- Med 2kConsortium.Peer reviewedInstitute of Physics PublishingConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]201620162016info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/129149reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024001Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1291492026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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15.223283 |