Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries

Abstract Background Treatment of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome includes surgery or medical management but there is little information on how primary care veterinarians (PCVs) select and monitor such treatment. Hypothesis/Objectives Determine how PCVs from selected European countries treat a...

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Autores: Carvalho, Miguel F, Bennaim, Michael, Golinelli, Stefania, Fracassi, Federico, Arenas, Carolina, Pérez Alenza, María De Los Dolores, Galac, Sara, Mooney, Carmel T, Leal, Rodolfo O
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/132336
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132336
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:636.09
Canine
Hypercortisolism
Monitoring
PCVs
Treatment
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
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spelling Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countriesCarvalho, Miguel FBennaim, MichaelGolinelli, StefaniaFracassi, FedericoArenas, CarolinaPérez Alenza, María De Los DoloresGalac, SaraMooney, Carmel TLeal, Rodolfo O636.09CanineHypercortisolismMonitoringPCVsTreatmentVeterinaria3109 Ciencias VeterinariasAbstract Background Treatment of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome includes surgery or medical management but there is little information on how primary care veterinarians (PCVs) select and monitor such treatment. Hypothesis/Objectives Determine how PCVs from selected European countries treat and monitor Cushing’s syndrome in dogs. Methods Cross-sectional survey study assessing treatment and monitoring protocols used by PCVs when managing dogs with Cushing’s syndrome. Results A total of 2178 responses from 9 European countries were included. Overall, 1694 (77.8%) respondents attempted to differentiate functional adrenal tumor (FAT) from pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH). Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy were recommended in 67.8% and 30.5% dogs with FAT and PDH, respectively. When surgery was not considered, 23.9% of respondents did not always suggest medical management. Of those recommending medical treatment, 1895/2163 (87.6%) respondents used trilostane either once (60.7%) or twice (39.3%) daily. Time to first follow-up was < 10, 10-14, and 15-30 days for 6.1%, 59.8%, and 31.1% of respondents, respectively. Long-term follow-up was every 3-4 (41.7%) or 5-6 months (37.9%). Monitoring is performed using ACTH stimulation test (54.6%), pre-pill plasma cortisol concentration (18.4%), and both pre- and post-pill plasma cortisol concentration (13.3%). Conclusions and clinical importance Approximately one-third of PCVs do not recommend adrenalectomy for FAT and two-thirds do not recommend hypophysectomy in PDH. Despite demonstrated benefits of medical treatment, one-quarter of respondents do not always recommend it, which may adversely affect life expectancy and quality of life. Treatment and monitoring protocols vary among PCVs. These results suggest that further education of PCVs about management of Cushing’s syndrome in dogs may be warranted.Oxford University PressUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20262026-01-0120262026-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132336reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1323362026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries
title Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries
spellingShingle Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries
Carvalho, Miguel F
636.09
Canine
Hypercortisolism
Monitoring
PCVs
Treatment
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
title_short Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries
title_full Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries
title_fullStr Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries
title_full_unstemmed Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries
title_sort Treatment and monitoring of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Carvalho, Miguel F
Bennaim, Michael
Golinelli, Stefania
Fracassi, Federico
Arenas, Carolina
Pérez Alenza, María De Los Dolores
Galac, Sara
Mooney, Carmel T
Leal, Rodolfo O
author Carvalho, Miguel F
author_facet Carvalho, Miguel F
Bennaim, Michael
Golinelli, Stefania
Fracassi, Federico
Arenas, Carolina
Pérez Alenza, María De Los Dolores
Galac, Sara
Mooney, Carmel T
Leal, Rodolfo O
author_role author
author2 Bennaim, Michael
Golinelli, Stefania
Fracassi, Federico
Arenas, Carolina
Pérez Alenza, María De Los Dolores
Galac, Sara
Mooney, Carmel T
Leal, Rodolfo O
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 636.09
Canine
Hypercortisolism
Monitoring
PCVs
Treatment
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
topic 636.09
Canine
Hypercortisolism
Monitoring
PCVs
Treatment
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
description Abstract Background Treatment of naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome includes surgery or medical management but there is little information on how primary care veterinarians (PCVs) select and monitor such treatment. Hypothesis/Objectives Determine how PCVs from selected European countries treat and monitor Cushing’s syndrome in dogs. Methods Cross-sectional survey study assessing treatment and monitoring protocols used by PCVs when managing dogs with Cushing’s syndrome. Results A total of 2178 responses from 9 European countries were included. Overall, 1694 (77.8%) respondents attempted to differentiate functional adrenal tumor (FAT) from pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH). Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy were recommended in 67.8% and 30.5% dogs with FAT and PDH, respectively. When surgery was not considered, 23.9% of respondents did not always suggest medical management. Of those recommending medical treatment, 1895/2163 (87.6%) respondents used trilostane either once (60.7%) or twice (39.3%) daily. Time to first follow-up was < 10, 10-14, and 15-30 days for 6.1%, 59.8%, and 31.1% of respondents, respectively. Long-term follow-up was every 3-4 (41.7%) or 5-6 months (37.9%). Monitoring is performed using ACTH stimulation test (54.6%), pre-pill plasma cortisol concentration (18.4%), and both pre- and post-pill plasma cortisol concentration (13.3%). Conclusions and clinical importance Approximately one-third of PCVs do not recommend adrenalectomy for FAT and two-thirds do not recommend hypophysectomy in PDH. Despite demonstrated benefits of medical treatment, one-quarter of respondents do not always recommend it, which may adversely affect life expectancy and quality of life. Treatment and monitoring protocols vary among PCVs. These results suggest that further education of PCVs about management of Cushing’s syndrome in dogs may be warranted.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026-01-01
2026
2026-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132336
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132336
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.198674

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