Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach

Ancient ceramics recovered after a long burial period have probably undergone several alterations and contaminations, introducing a chemical variability, affecting the ceramic’s natural variability. That is, the chemical and the mineralogical compositions of the ceramic pastes after their deposition...

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Autores: Sánchez Garmendia, Uxue, Iñañez, Javier G., Arana Momoitio, Gorka
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/52648
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/52648
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:ceramics
post-deposition
marine environments
archaeometry
contaminations
ICP-MS
XRD
SEM–EDS
Raman
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spelling Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental ApproachSánchez Garmendia, UxueIñañez, Javier G.Arana Momoitio, Gorkaceramicspost-depositionmarine environmentsarchaeometrycontaminationsICP-MSXRDSEM–EDSRamanAncient ceramics recovered after a long burial period have probably undergone several alterations and contaminations, introducing a chemical variability, affecting the ceramic’s natural variability. That is, the chemical and the mineralogical compositions of the ceramic pastes after their deposition will not be the same as they originally were. Therefore, it is known that the alteration and contamination processes, and the discrimination of some elements, should be considered when studying the ceramics to avoid incorrect interpretations about their provenance, technology and the use of the artefact, as well as its proper preservation. In the present work, the authors performed an experimental approach in order to study the alterations and contaminations that occurred in 60 ceramic cylinders buried in two different underwater environments. Once the pieces were taken out from the water environments, they were characterized by a multi-analytical approach. For this purpose, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used. Newly formed minerals of different forms have been identified, with different crystallization grades. Some examples are the needles, flakes, sponges and long and short prisms composed of several elements such as Ca, F, S and O.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, the State Bureau of Investigation, and the European Regional Development Fund (MINECO/AEI/ERDF, UE), grant number CERANOR-2 (HAR2017-84219-P).MDPI2021202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/52648reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/HAR2017-84219-P/https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/7/766/htminfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/526482026-06-18T09:23:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach
title Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach
spellingShingle Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach
Sánchez Garmendia, Uxue
ceramics
post-deposition
marine environments
archaeometry
contaminations
ICP-MS
XRD
SEM–EDS
Raman
title_short Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach
title_full Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach
title_fullStr Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach
title_full_unstemmed Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach
title_sort Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Sánchez Garmendia, Uxue
Iñañez, Javier G.
Arana Momoitio, Gorka
author Sánchez Garmendia, Uxue
author_facet Sánchez Garmendia, Uxue
Iñañez, Javier G.
Arana Momoitio, Gorka
author_role author
author2 Iñañez, Javier G.
Arana Momoitio, Gorka
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv ceramics
post-deposition
marine environments
archaeometry
contaminations
ICP-MS
XRD
SEM–EDS
Raman
topic ceramics
post-deposition
marine environments
archaeometry
contaminations
ICP-MS
XRD
SEM–EDS
Raman
description Ancient ceramics recovered after a long burial period have probably undergone several alterations and contaminations, introducing a chemical variability, affecting the ceramic’s natural variability. That is, the chemical and the mineralogical compositions of the ceramic pastes after their deposition will not be the same as they originally were. Therefore, it is known that the alteration and contamination processes, and the discrimination of some elements, should be considered when studying the ceramics to avoid incorrect interpretations about their provenance, technology and the use of the artefact, as well as its proper preservation. In the present work, the authors performed an experimental approach in order to study the alterations and contaminations that occurred in 60 ceramic cylinders buried in two different underwater environments. Once the pieces were taken out from the water environments, they were characterized by a multi-analytical approach. For this purpose, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used. Newly formed minerals of different forms have been identified, with different crystallization grades. Some examples are the needles, flakes, sponges and long and short prisms composed of several elements such as Ca, F, S and O.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10810/52648
url http://hdl.handle.net/10810/52648
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/HAR2017-84219-P/
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/7/766/htm
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
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dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
instname:Universidad del País Vasco
instname_str Universidad del País Vasco
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collection Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
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