Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study
Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are serious mental illnesses (SMI) with overlapping symptoms but distinct differences in onset and course. Sex differences are an area of growing interest in SMI. This study aims to examine potential interactions between sex and diagnosis acr...
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| Format: | article |
| Status: | Published version |
| Publication Date: | 2025 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repository: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/225442 |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/225442 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Diferències entre sexes Malalties mentals Neurociència cognitiva Sex differences Mental illness Cognitive neuroscience |
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Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse StudySerra Navarro, MariaHeilbronner, MariaSolé Cabezuelo, BrisaBorràs, RogerMartínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971-Adorjan, KristinaNavarro Flores, AlbaKohshour, Mojtaba OrakiReich-Erkelenz, DanielaSchulte, Eva C.Senner, FannyAnghelescu, Ion-GeorgeArolt, VolkerBaune, Bernhard T.Dannlowski, UdoFallgatter, Andreas J.Figge, ChristianJäger, MarkusJuckel, GeorgKonrad, CarstenDietrich, Detlef E.Reimer, JensReininghaus, Eva Z.Schmauß, MaxSchmitt, AndreaSpitzer, CarstenWiltfang, JensZimmermann, JorgPapiol, SergiHeilbronner, UrsFalkai, PeterSchulze, Thomas G.Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963-Torrent Font, CarlaBudde, MonikaAmoretti Guadall, SilviaDiferències entre sexesMalalties mentalsNeurociència cognitivaSex differencesMental illnessCognitive neuroscienceIntroduction Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are serious mental illnesses (SMI) with overlapping symptoms but distinct differences in onset and course. Sex differences are an area of growing interest in SMI. This study aims to examine potential interactions between sex and diagnosis across a broad range of variables, to compare males and females within SZ and BD, and to investigate sex-specific group differences. Methods A total of 1516 individuals were included in a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the multicenter PsyCourse Study, including BD (n = 543), SZ (n = 517), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 456). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, and somatic comorbidities were assessed. Generalized linear models were used to analyze differences between groups and sexes. False Discovery Rate (FDR) and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons were performed. Results Significant interactions were identified in age (p = 0.001), age at treatment (p = 0.05), illness duration (p = 0.03), illicit drug use (p = 0.01), and smoking (p = 0.05). Differences in substance use were observed across groups and sexes, with the highest rates found in males with SZ. The BD group showed better functioning and neurocognitive performance compared with the SZ group. Within the BD group, females reported better performance in verbal memory (p = 0.003) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001) than males. Moreover, both females and males with SMI showed higher rates of thyroid alterations compared with HC (p = 0.01 for females and p = 0.002 for males). Conclusions Significant sex differences were observed in substance use and somatic comorbidities. Interactions between diagnosis and sex underscore the importance of considering both factors in clinical assessments. These findings highlight the need to tailor sex-specific treatment for each patient. Further research is needed to explore the role of sex hormones and other biological and societal factors in the presentation and course of these disorders.John Wiley & Sons2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/225442Articles publicats en revistes (Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia)reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:Universidad de BarcelonaInglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.70026Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2025https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.70026cc-by-nc-nd (c) Serra Navarro, Maria et al., 2025http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/2254422026-05-27T06:46:51Z |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study |
| title |
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study |
| spellingShingle |
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study Serra Navarro, Maria Diferències entre sexes Malalties mentals Neurociència cognitiva Sex differences Mental illness Cognitive neuroscience |
| title_short |
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study |
| title_full |
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study |
| title_fullStr |
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study |
| title_sort |
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Serra Navarro, Maria Heilbronner, Maria Solé Cabezuelo, Brisa Borràs, Roger Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971- Adorjan, Kristina Navarro Flores, Alba Kohshour, Mojtaba Oraki Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela Schulte, Eva C. Senner, Fanny Anghelescu, Ion-George Arolt, Volker Baune, Bernhard T. Dannlowski, Udo Fallgatter, Andreas J. Figge, Christian Jäger, Markus Juckel, Georg Konrad, Carsten Dietrich, Detlef E. Reimer, Jens Reininghaus, Eva Z. Schmauß, Max Schmitt, Andrea Spitzer, Carsten Wiltfang, Jens Zimmermann, Jorg Papiol, Sergi Heilbronner, Urs Falkai, Peter Schulze, Thomas G. Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963- Torrent Font, Carla Budde, Monika Amoretti Guadall, Silvia |
| author |
Serra Navarro, Maria |
| author_facet |
Serra Navarro, Maria Heilbronner, Maria Solé Cabezuelo, Brisa Borràs, Roger Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971- Adorjan, Kristina Navarro Flores, Alba Kohshour, Mojtaba Oraki Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela Schulte, Eva C. Senner, Fanny Anghelescu, Ion-George Arolt, Volker Baune, Bernhard T. Dannlowski, Udo Fallgatter, Andreas J. Figge, Christian Jäger, Markus Juckel, Georg Konrad, Carsten Dietrich, Detlef E. Reimer, Jens Reininghaus, Eva Z. Schmauß, Max Schmitt, Andrea Spitzer, Carsten Wiltfang, Jens Zimmermann, Jorg Papiol, Sergi Heilbronner, Urs Falkai, Peter Schulze, Thomas G. Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963- Torrent Font, Carla Budde, Monika Amoretti Guadall, Silvia |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Heilbronner, Maria Solé Cabezuelo, Brisa Borràs, Roger Martínez-Arán, Anabel, 1971- Adorjan, Kristina Navarro Flores, Alba Kohshour, Mojtaba Oraki Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela Schulte, Eva C. Senner, Fanny Anghelescu, Ion-George Arolt, Volker Baune, Bernhard T. Dannlowski, Udo Fallgatter, Andreas J. Figge, Christian Jäger, Markus Juckel, Georg Konrad, Carsten Dietrich, Detlef E. Reimer, Jens Reininghaus, Eva Z. Schmauß, Max Schmitt, Andrea Spitzer, Carsten Wiltfang, Jens Zimmermann, Jorg Papiol, Sergi Heilbronner, Urs Falkai, Peter Schulze, Thomas G. Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963- Torrent Font, Carla Budde, Monika Amoretti Guadall, Silvia |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Diferències entre sexes Malalties mentals Neurociència cognitiva Sex differences Mental illness Cognitive neuroscience |
| topic |
Diferències entre sexes Malalties mentals Neurociència cognitiva Sex differences Mental illness Cognitive neuroscience |
| description |
Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are serious mental illnesses (SMI) with overlapping symptoms but distinct differences in onset and course. Sex differences are an area of growing interest in SMI. This study aims to examine potential interactions between sex and diagnosis across a broad range of variables, to compare males and females within SZ and BD, and to investigate sex-specific group differences. Methods A total of 1516 individuals were included in a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the multicenter PsyCourse Study, including BD (n = 543), SZ (n = 517), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 456). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, and somatic comorbidities were assessed. Generalized linear models were used to analyze differences between groups and sexes. False Discovery Rate (FDR) and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons were performed. Results Significant interactions were identified in age (p = 0.001), age at treatment (p = 0.05), illness duration (p = 0.03), illicit drug use (p = 0.01), and smoking (p = 0.05). Differences in substance use were observed across groups and sexes, with the highest rates found in males with SZ. The BD group showed better functioning and neurocognitive performance compared with the SZ group. Within the BD group, females reported better performance in verbal memory (p = 0.003) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001) than males. Moreover, both females and males with SMI showed higher rates of thyroid alterations compared with HC (p = 0.01 for females and p = 0.002 for males). Conclusions Significant sex differences were observed in substance use and somatic comorbidities. Interactions between diagnosis and sex underscore the importance of considering both factors in clinical assessments. These findings highlight the need to tailor sex-specific treatment for each patient. Further research is needed to explore the role of sex hormones and other biological and societal factors in the presentation and course of these disorders. |
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2025 |
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2025 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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https://hdl.handle.net/2445/225442 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/2445/225442 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.70026 Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.70026 |
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cc-by-nc-nd (c) Serra Navarro, Maria et al., 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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cc-by-nc-nd (c) Serra Navarro, Maria et al., 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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John Wiley & Sons |
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John Wiley & Sons |
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Articles publicats en revistes (Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia) reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB instname:Universidad de Barcelona |
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Universidad de Barcelona |
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Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
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