A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain

he protection of groundwater resources in coastal aquifers is an increasingly important issue worldwide. To establish threshold values and remediation objectives, it is essential to know the natural background concentrations of relevant ions in groundwater. The rationale is to define the Natural Bac...

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Autores: Grima Olmedo, Juan, Ballesteros Navarro, Bruno José, Pulido Velázquez, David, Renau-Pruñonosa, Arianna, Alcalá, Francisco J., Llopis Albert, Carlos, Jiménez Gavilán, Pablo, Milkov-Ivanov, Nikolay, Baena Ruiz, Leticia, Grima Olmedo, Carlos
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2023
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/332576
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/332576
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Groundwater
Chloride
Natural background
Coastal aquifers
Seawater intrusion
Eastern Spain
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spelling A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern SpainGrima Olmedo, JuanBallesteros Navarro, Bruno JoséPulido Velázquez, DavidRenau-Pruñonosa, AriannaAlcalá, Francisco J.Llopis Albert, CarlosJiménez Gavilán, PabloMilkov-Ivanov, NikolayBaena Ruiz, LeticiaGrima Olmedo, CarlosGroundwaterChlorideNatural backgroundCoastal aquifersSeawater intrusionEastern Spainhe protection of groundwater resources in coastal aquifers is an increasingly important issue worldwide. To establish threshold values and remediation objectives, it is essential to know the natural background concentrations of relevant ions in groundwater. The rationale is to define the Natural Background Level (NBL) of chemical species determined by atmospheric and lithological forces. In many coastal aquifers, this evaluation worsens since atmospheric and lithological salinity combines with many other anthropogenic sources of salinity, including exogenous salinity induced by seawater intrusion (SWI). This paper presents a combination of six well-known statistical techniques and a new methodology (i.e., SITE index) in eight GWBs affected by SWI in Eastern Spain. The chloride ion was the selected conservative chemical specie to assess the qualitative status due to the variable SWI affection. The Natural Chloride Background (NCB) obtained from these methodologies at the GWB scale was compared with regional NCB data calculated with the Atmospheric Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) method in Continental Spain. The CMB method provides atmospherically derived NCB data that are not influenced by SWI or anthropogenic activities or lithological forces. This external evaluation can be considered the atmospheric fraction of NCB, which serves as a regional criterion to validate the more detailed statistical methodologies applied at the GWB scale. As a result, a conceptualization of NCB is obtained by means of a range of values between 115 mg L−1 and 261 mg L−1 in the studied coastal GWBs affected by SWI in Eastern Spain.This research was partially funded by the projects GeoE.171.008-TACTIC and Ge-oE.171.008-HOVER from the EU Horizon 2020 R+D program, the project 101086497 from the EU Horizon-CL6-2022-Governance-01 R+D program, and the project SIGLO-PROAN (PID2021-128021OB-I00 and RTI2018-101397-B-I00) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2023202320232023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/332576reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101086497info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//PID2021-128021OB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/RTI2018-101397-B-I00https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152728Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3325762026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain
title A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain
spellingShingle A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain
Grima Olmedo, Juan
Groundwater
Chloride
Natural background
Coastal aquifers
Seawater intrusion
Eastern Spain
title_short A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain
title_full A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain
title_fullStr A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain
title_full_unstemmed A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain
title_sort A Framework to Assess Natural Chloride Background in Coastal Aquifers Affected by Seawater Intrusion in Eastern Spain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Grima Olmedo, Juan
Ballesteros Navarro, Bruno José
Pulido Velázquez, David
Renau-Pruñonosa, Arianna
Alcalá, Francisco J.
Llopis Albert, Carlos
Jiménez Gavilán, Pablo
Milkov-Ivanov, Nikolay
Baena Ruiz, Leticia
Grima Olmedo, Carlos
author Grima Olmedo, Juan
author_facet Grima Olmedo, Juan
Ballesteros Navarro, Bruno José
Pulido Velázquez, David
Renau-Pruñonosa, Arianna
Alcalá, Francisco J.
Llopis Albert, Carlos
Jiménez Gavilán, Pablo
Milkov-Ivanov, Nikolay
Baena Ruiz, Leticia
Grima Olmedo, Carlos
author_role author
author2 Ballesteros Navarro, Bruno José
Pulido Velázquez, David
Renau-Pruñonosa, Arianna
Alcalá, Francisco J.
Llopis Albert, Carlos
Jiménez Gavilán, Pablo
Milkov-Ivanov, Nikolay
Baena Ruiz, Leticia
Grima Olmedo, Carlos
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Groundwater
Chloride
Natural background
Coastal aquifers
Seawater intrusion
Eastern Spain
topic Groundwater
Chloride
Natural background
Coastal aquifers
Seawater intrusion
Eastern Spain
description he protection of groundwater resources in coastal aquifers is an increasingly important issue worldwide. To establish threshold values and remediation objectives, it is essential to know the natural background concentrations of relevant ions in groundwater. The rationale is to define the Natural Background Level (NBL) of chemical species determined by atmospheric and lithological forces. In many coastal aquifers, this evaluation worsens since atmospheric and lithological salinity combines with many other anthropogenic sources of salinity, including exogenous salinity induced by seawater intrusion (SWI). This paper presents a combination of six well-known statistical techniques and a new methodology (i.e., SITE index) in eight GWBs affected by SWI in Eastern Spain. The chloride ion was the selected conservative chemical specie to assess the qualitative status due to the variable SWI affection. The Natural Chloride Background (NCB) obtained from these methodologies at the GWB scale was compared with regional NCB data calculated with the Atmospheric Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) method in Continental Spain. The CMB method provides atmospherically derived NCB data that are not influenced by SWI or anthropogenic activities or lithological forces. This external evaluation can be considered the atmospheric fraction of NCB, which serves as a regional criterion to validate the more detailed statistical methodologies applied at the GWB scale. As a result, a conceptualization of NCB is obtained by means of a range of values between 115 mg L−1 and 261 mg L−1 in the studied coastal GWBs affected by SWI in Eastern Spain.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2023
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/332576
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/332576
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101086497
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//PID2021-128021OB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/RTI2018-101397-B-I00
https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152728
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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