He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b

Recently, the He I triplet at 10 830 Å was rediscovered as an excellent probe of the extended and possibly evaporating atmospheres of close-in transiting planets. This has already resulted in detections of this triplet in the atmospheres of a handful of planets, both from space and from the ground....

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Autores: Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier, Snellen, Ignas A. G., Czesla, S., Bauer, Florian Franz, Salz, M., Lampón, M., Lara, Luisa María, Nagel, Evangelos, López-Puertas, Manuel, Nortmann, L., Sánchez-López, A., Sanz-Forcada, J., Caballero, J. A., Reiners, Ansgar, Ribas, Ignasi, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Amado, Pedro J., Aceituno, Jesús, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Béjar, Victor J. S., Hatzes, Artie P., Henning, Thomas, Kaminski, Adrian, Kürster, M., Labarga, F., Montes, David, Pallé, Enric, Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, Brinkmöller, M.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/203432
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/203432
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Infrared: planetary systems
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 b
Techniques: spectroscopic
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
title He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
spellingShingle He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier
Infrared: planetary systems
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 b
Techniques: spectroscopic
title_short He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
title_full He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
title_fullStr He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
title_full_unstemmed He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
title_sort He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier
Snellen, Ignas A. G.
Czesla, S.
Bauer, Florian Franz
Salz, M.
Lampón, M.
Lara, Luisa María
Nagel, Evangelos
López-Puertas, Manuel
Nortmann, L.
Sánchez-López, A.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Caballero, J. A.
Reiners, Ansgar
Ribas, Ignasi
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Amado, Pedro J.
Aceituno, Jesús
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem
Béjar, Victor J. S.
Hatzes, Artie P.
Henning, Thomas
Kaminski, Adrian
Kürster, M.
Labarga, F.
Montes, David
Pallé, Enric
Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M.
Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa
Brinkmöller, M.
author Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier
author_facet Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier
Snellen, Ignas A. G.
Czesla, S.
Bauer, Florian Franz
Salz, M.
Lampón, M.
Lara, Luisa María
Nagel, Evangelos
López-Puertas, Manuel
Nortmann, L.
Sánchez-López, A.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Caballero, J. A.
Reiners, Ansgar
Ribas, Ignasi
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Amado, Pedro J.
Aceituno, Jesús
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem
Béjar, Victor J. S.
Hatzes, Artie P.
Henning, Thomas
Kaminski, Adrian
Kürster, M.
Labarga, F.
Montes, David
Pallé, Enric
Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M.
Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa
Brinkmöller, M.
author_role author
author2 Snellen, Ignas A. G.
Czesla, S.
Bauer, Florian Franz
Salz, M.
Lampón, M.
Lara, Luisa María
Nagel, Evangelos
López-Puertas, Manuel
Nortmann, L.
Sánchez-López, A.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Caballero, J. A.
Reiners, Ansgar
Ribas, Ignasi
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Amado, Pedro J.
Aceituno, Jesús
Anglada-Escudé, Guillem
Béjar, Victor J. S.
Hatzes, Artie P.
Henning, Thomas
Kaminski, Adrian
Kürster, M.
Labarga, F.
Montes, David
Pallé, Enric
Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M.
Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa
Brinkmöller, M.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
European Commission
European Research Council
Max Planck Society
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Comunidad de Madrid
Junta de Andalucía
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Infrared: planetary systems
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 b
Techniques: spectroscopic
topic Infrared: planetary systems
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 b
Techniques: spectroscopic
description Recently, the He I triplet at 10 830 Å was rediscovered as an excellent probe of the extended and possibly evaporating atmospheres of close-in transiting planets. This has already resulted in detections of this triplet in the atmospheres of a handful of planets, both from space and from the ground. However, while a strong signal is expected for the hot Jupiter HD 209458 b, only upper limits have been obtained so far. Aims: Our goal is to measure the helium excess absorption from HD 209458 b and assess the extended atmosphere of the planet and possible evaporation. Methods: We obtained new high-resolution spectral transit time-series of HD 209458 b using CARMENES at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope, targeting the He I triplet at 10 830 Å at a spectral resolving power of 80 400. The observed spectra were corrected for stellar absorption lines using out-of-transit data, for telluric absorption using the MOLECFIT software, and for the sky emission lines using simultaneous sky measurements through a second fibre. Results: We detect He I absorption at a level of 0.91 ± 0.10% (9 ¿) at mid-transit. The absorption follows the radial velocity change of the planet during transit, unambiguously identifying the planet as the source of the absorption. The core of the absorption exhibits a net blueshift of 1.8 ± 1.3 km s-1. Possible low-level excess absorption is seen further blueward from the main absorption near the centre of the transit, which could be caused by an extended tail. However, this needs to be confirmed. Conclusions: Our results further support a close relation between the strength of planetary absorption in the helium triplet lines and the level of ionising, stellar X-ray, and extreme-UV irradiation.© ESO 2019
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2020
2020
2020
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publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
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spelling He I lambda 10 830 angstrom in the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 bAlonso-Floriano, F. JavierSnellen, Ignas A. G.Czesla, S.Bauer, Florian FranzSalz, M.Lampón, M.Lara, Luisa MaríaNagel, EvangelosLópez-Puertas, ManuelNortmann, L.Sánchez-López, A.Sanz-Forcada, J.Caballero, J. A.Reiners, AnsgarRibas, IgnasiQuirrenbach, AndreasAmado, Pedro J.Aceituno, JesúsAnglada-Escudé, GuillemBéjar, Victor J. S.Hatzes, Artie P.Henning, ThomasKaminski, AdrianKürster, M.Labarga, F.Montes, DavidPallé, EnricSchmitt, Jürgen H. M. M.Zapatero Osorio, María RosaBrinkmöller, M.Infrared: planetary systemsPlanets and satellites: atmospheresPlanets and satellites: individual: HD 209458 bTechniques: spectroscopicRecently, the He I triplet at 10 830 Å was rediscovered as an excellent probe of the extended and possibly evaporating atmospheres of close-in transiting planets. This has already resulted in detections of this triplet in the atmospheres of a handful of planets, both from space and from the ground. However, while a strong signal is expected for the hot Jupiter HD 209458 b, only upper limits have been obtained so far. Aims: Our goal is to measure the helium excess absorption from HD 209458 b and assess the extended atmosphere of the planet and possible evaporation. Methods: We obtained new high-resolution spectral transit time-series of HD 209458 b using CARMENES at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope, targeting the He I triplet at 10 830 Å at a spectral resolving power of 80 400. The observed spectra were corrected for stellar absorption lines using out-of-transit data, for telluric absorption using the MOLECFIT software, and for the sky emission lines using simultaneous sky measurements through a second fibre. Results: We detect He I absorption at a level of 0.91 ± 0.10% (9 ¿) at mid-transit. The absorption follows the radial velocity change of the planet during transit, unambiguously identifying the planet as the source of the absorption. The core of the absorption exhibits a net blueshift of 1.8 ± 1.3 km s-1. Possible low-level excess absorption is seen further blueward from the main absorption near the centre of the transit, which could be caused by an extended tail. However, this needs to be confirmed. Conclusions: Our results further support a close relation between the strength of planetary absorption in the helium triplet lines and the level of ionising, stellar X-ray, and extreme-UV irradiation.© ESO 2019We thank P. Molliere and A. Wyttenbach for the nice scientific discussions during the preparation of this publication. F.J.A.-F. and I.S. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 694 513. CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (MaxPlanck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Financial support was also provided by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid, the Spanish Ministerios de Ciencia e Innovacion and of Economia y Competitividad, the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the >Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa> and Science & Technology Facility Council Consolidated, and the Fondo Social Europeo. The corresponding funding grants are: ESP2014-54 362-P, ESP2014-54 062-R, AYA2015-69 350-C3-2-P, BES-2015-074542, AYA2016-79 425-C3-1/2/3-P, ESP2016-76 076-R, ESP2017-87 143-R, SEV-2017-0709, ST/P000592/1. Based on observations collected at the Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck Institut fur Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia. We thank the anonymous referee for their insightful comments, which contributed to improve the quality of the manuscript.EDP SciencesMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)European CommissionEuropean Research CouncilMax Planck SocietyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Comunidad de MadridJunta de AndalucíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2020202020192020info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/203432reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. 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