Enhancing diagnostic accuracy: Direct immunofluorescence assay as the gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine and feline fecal samples
The enteric protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common cause of diarrhea in pet dogs and cats, affecting primarily young animals. This comparative study evaluates the diagnostic performance of conventional and molecular methods for the detection of G. duodenalis and C...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Data de publicação: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) |
| Repositório: | Repisalud |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/26433 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/26433 |
| Access Level: | Acceso aberto |
| Palavra-chave: | Cat DFA Diagnostic performance Dog ICT MIF PCR Risk factors Animals Cat Diseases Cats Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium Dog Diseases Dogs Feces Female Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct Giardia lamblia Giardiasis Male Prevalence Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Resumo: | The enteric protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common cause of diarrhea in pet dogs and cats, affecting primarily young animals. This comparative study evaluates the diagnostic performance of conventional and molecular methods for the detection of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. infection in dogs and cats.The compared diagnostic assays included merthiolate-iodine-formalin (MIF) method, lateral flow immunochromatography rapid test (ICT) and real-time PCR; using direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) as golden standard. The study included the analysis of 328 fecal samples from different dog (n = 225) and cat (n = 103) populations.According to DFA, the overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 24.4% (80/328, 95% CI: 19.8-29.4), varying from 11.6% (12/103, 95% CI: 6.2-19.5) in cats to 30.2% (68/225, 95% CI: 24.3-36.7) in dogs. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 4.0% (13/328, 95% CI: 2.1-6.7), varying from 2.9% (3/103, 95% CI: 0.6-8.3) in cats to 4.4% (10/225, 95% CI: 2.1-8.0) in dogs. MIF was only used for the detection of G. duodenalis, which was identified by this method in 22.7% of dogs and 7.8% of cats, respectively. DFA was the most sensitive technique for detecting G. duodenalis in samples from dogs and cats (p-value: < 0.001), followed by real-time PCR. Identification of Cryptosporidium infections was most effectively accomplished by the combination of DFA and PCR technique (p-value: < 0.001). In addition, epidemiological (sex, age, origin) and clinical (fecal consistency) variables were collected to assess their potential associations with an increased likelihood of infection by G. duodenalis and/or Cryptosporidium spp. Breeder dogs were more likely to harbor G. duodenalis infection (p-value: 0.004), whereas female cats were significantly more infected with Cryptosporidium (p-value: 0.003). In conclusion, DFA (alone or in combination with PCR) has been identified as the most accurate and cost-effective method for detecting G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples from pet dogs and cats. This highlights their importance in both veterinary and clinical settings for enabling prompt treatment and preventing potential transmission to humans. |
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