Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges

Molecular nanographenes (NGs)—graphene analogues at the nanoscale—exhibit atomically defined monodispersity in both size and shape. This synthetic precision enables fine control over their properties. Among the emerging strategies to modulate their electronic and optical properties, vertical p–p sta...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Izquierdo García, Patricia, Lión Villar, Juan, Fernández García, Jesús Manuel, Martín León, Nazario
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/133286
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133286
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:547
Química orgánica (Química)
2306 Química Orgánica
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spelling Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challengesIzquierdo García, PatriciaLión Villar, JuanFernández García, Jesús ManuelMartín León, Nazario547Química orgánica (Química)2306 Química OrgánicaMolecular nanographenes (NGs)—graphene analogues at the nanoscale—exhibit atomically defined monodispersity in both size and shape. This synthetic precision enables fine control over their properties. Among the emerging strategies to modulate their electronic and optical properties, vertical p–p stacking between the graphitized layers has recently gained attention as a powerful design tool. In this review, we explore the synthesis, structural features, and functional implications of bilayer and multilayer nanographenes, with a particular focus on the bilayer effect—a through-space electronic communication arising from the interlayer overlap. We discuss how the degree of p–p overlap, rather than solely p-extension, governs key properties such as HOMO–LUMO gap, redox behavior, photoluminescence shifts and quatum yields, and chiroptical responses. Molecular architectures incorporating helicenes, spirocycles, or non-benzenoid motifs enable the deviation from planarity, ususally presented in nanographenes, allowing the precise synthesis of covalently p–p stacked topologies that amplify this effect. Furthermore, this concept also extends to other NGs such as multilayers, supramolecular assemblies, and donor–acceptor complexes, revealing the versatility of the bilayer approach. The first synthetic approaches to access enantiomerically pure bilayer NGs are also disclosed, opening new avenues for their use in advanced technological applications. Overall, the bilayer effect emerges as a novel structural parameter for tuning the properties and function of p-conjugated carbon-based materials, opening new frontiers in molecular chiral optoelectronics, spintronics, and quantum nanoscience.Royal Society of ChemistryUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20252025-10-1020252025-10-10journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501EVoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_dc82b40f9837b551info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133286reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1332862026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges
title Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges
spellingShingle Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges
Izquierdo García, Patricia
547
Química orgánica (Química)
2306 Química Orgánica
title_short Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges
title_full Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges
title_fullStr Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges
title_full_unstemmed Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges
title_sort Bilayer nanographenes: structure, properties, and synthetic challenges
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Izquierdo García, Patricia
Lión Villar, Juan
Fernández García, Jesús Manuel
Martín León, Nazario
author Izquierdo García, Patricia
author_facet Izquierdo García, Patricia
Lión Villar, Juan
Fernández García, Jesús Manuel
Martín León, Nazario
author_role author
author2 Lión Villar, Juan
Fernández García, Jesús Manuel
Martín León, Nazario
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 547
Química orgánica (Química)
2306 Química Orgánica
topic 547
Química orgánica (Química)
2306 Química Orgánica
description Molecular nanographenes (NGs)—graphene analogues at the nanoscale—exhibit atomically defined monodispersity in both size and shape. This synthetic precision enables fine control over their properties. Among the emerging strategies to modulate their electronic and optical properties, vertical p–p stacking between the graphitized layers has recently gained attention as a powerful design tool. In this review, we explore the synthesis, structural features, and functional implications of bilayer and multilayer nanographenes, with a particular focus on the bilayer effect—a through-space electronic communication arising from the interlayer overlap. We discuss how the degree of p–p overlap, rather than solely p-extension, governs key properties such as HOMO–LUMO gap, redox behavior, photoluminescence shifts and quatum yields, and chiroptical responses. Molecular architectures incorporating helicenes, spirocycles, or non-benzenoid motifs enable the deviation from planarity, ususally presented in nanographenes, allowing the precise synthesis of covalently p–p stacked topologies that amplify this effect. Furthermore, this concept also extends to other NGs such as multilayers, supramolecular assemblies, and donor–acceptor complexes, revealing the versatility of the bilayer approach. The first synthetic approaches to access enantiomerically pure bilayer NGs are also disclosed, opening new avenues for their use in advanced technological applications. Overall, the bilayer effect emerges as a novel structural parameter for tuning the properties and function of p-conjugated carbon-based materials, opening new frontiers in molecular chiral optoelectronics, spintronics, and quantum nanoscience.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-10-10
2025
2025-10-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
EVoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_dc82b40f9837b551
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133286
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133286
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Royal Society of Chemistry
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Royal Society of Chemistry
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812455

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