Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion

Herein, we report the synthesis, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of some nucleobase-derived nitrones named 9a–i. The neuroprotective properties of nitrones, 9a–i, were measured against an oxygen-glucose-deprivation in vitro ischemia model using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our resu...

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Autores: Chamorro, Beatriz, Głowacka, Iwona E., Gotkowska, Joanna, Gulej, Rafał, Hadjipavlou Litina, Dimitra, López Muñoz, Francisco, Marco Contelles, José Luis, Piotrowska, Dorota G., Oset Gasque, María Jesús
Tipo de documento: artigo
Data de publicação:2022
País:España
Recursos:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositório:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglês
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/72503
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72503
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:antioxidants
neuroprotection
necrosis
apoptosis
oxidative stress
nucleobase-derived nitrones
brain ischemia
Neurociencias (Medicina)
Bioquímica (Biología)
2490 Neurociencias
2302 Bioquímica
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spelling Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–ReperfusionChamorro, BeatrizGłowacka, Iwona E.Gotkowska, JoannaGulej, RafałHadjipavlou Litina, DimitraLópez Muñoz, FranciscoMarco Contelles, José LuisPiotrowska, Dorota G.Oset Gasque, María Jesúsantioxidantsneuroprotectionnecrosisapoptosisoxidative stressnucleobase-derived nitronesbrain ischemiaNeurociencias (Medicina)Bioquímica (Biología)2490 Neurociencias2302 BioquímicaHerein, we report the synthesis, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of some nucleobase-derived nitrones named 9a–i. The neuroprotective properties of nitrones, 9a–i, were measured against an oxygen-glucose-deprivation in vitro ischemia model using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results indicate that nitrones, 9a–i, have better neuroprotective and antioxidant properties than α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and are similar to N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant and neuroprotective agent. The nitrones with the highest neuroprotective capacity were those containing purine nucleobases (nitrones 9f, g, B = adenine, theophylline), followed by nitrones with pyrimidine nucleobases with H or F substituents at the C5 position (nitrones 9a, c). All of these possess EC50 values in the range of 1–6 μM and maximal activities higher than 100%. However, the introduction of a methyl substituent (nitrone 9b, B = thymine) or hard halogen substituents such as Br and Cl (nitrones 9d, e, B = 5-Br and 5-Cl uracil, respectively) worsens the neuroprotective activity of the nitrone with uracil as the nucleobase (9a). The effects on overall metabolic cell capacity were confirmed by results on the high anti-necrotic (EC50′s ≈ 2–4 μM) and antioxidant (EC50′s ≈ 0.4–3.5 μM) activities of these compounds on superoxide radical production. In general, all tested nitrones were excellent inhibitors of superoxide radical production in cultured neuroblastoma cells, as well as potent hydroxyl radical scavengers that inhibit in vitro lipid peroxidation, particularly, 9c, f, g, presenting the highest lipoxygenase inhibitory activity among the tested nitrones. Finally, the introduction of two nitrone groups at 9a and 9d (bis-nitronas 9g, i) did not show better neuroprotective effects than their precursor mono-nitrones. These results led us to propose nitrones containing purine (9f, g) and pyrimidine (9a, c) nucleobases as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cerebral ischemia and/or neurodegenerative diseases, leading us to further investigate their effects using in vivo models of these pathologies.MPDIUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20222022-03-2120222022-03-21journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72503reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/725032026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
title Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
spellingShingle Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
Chamorro, Beatriz
antioxidants
neuroprotection
necrosis
apoptosis
oxidative stress
nucleobase-derived nitrones
brain ischemia
Neurociencias (Medicina)
Bioquímica (Biología)
2490 Neurociencias
2302 Bioquímica
title_short Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
title_full Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
title_fullStr Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
title_full_unstemmed Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
title_sort Nucleobase-Derived Nitrones: Synthesis and Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities in an In Vitro Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Chamorro, Beatriz
Głowacka, Iwona E.
Gotkowska, Joanna
Gulej, Rafał
Hadjipavlou Litina, Dimitra
López Muñoz, Francisco
Marco Contelles, José Luis
Piotrowska, Dorota G.
Oset Gasque, María Jesús
author Chamorro, Beatriz
author_facet Chamorro, Beatriz
Głowacka, Iwona E.
Gotkowska, Joanna
Gulej, Rafał
Hadjipavlou Litina, Dimitra
López Muñoz, Francisco
Marco Contelles, José Luis
Piotrowska, Dorota G.
Oset Gasque, María Jesús
author_role author
author2 Głowacka, Iwona E.
Gotkowska, Joanna
Gulej, Rafał
Hadjipavlou Litina, Dimitra
López Muñoz, Francisco
Marco Contelles, José Luis
Piotrowska, Dorota G.
Oset Gasque, María Jesús
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv antioxidants
neuroprotection
necrosis
apoptosis
oxidative stress
nucleobase-derived nitrones
brain ischemia
Neurociencias (Medicina)
Bioquímica (Biología)
2490 Neurociencias
2302 Bioquímica
topic antioxidants
neuroprotection
necrosis
apoptosis
oxidative stress
nucleobase-derived nitrones
brain ischemia
Neurociencias (Medicina)
Bioquímica (Biología)
2490 Neurociencias
2302 Bioquímica
description Herein, we report the synthesis, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of some nucleobase-derived nitrones named 9a–i. The neuroprotective properties of nitrones, 9a–i, were measured against an oxygen-glucose-deprivation in vitro ischemia model using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results indicate that nitrones, 9a–i, have better neuroprotective and antioxidant properties than α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and are similar to N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant and neuroprotective agent. The nitrones with the highest neuroprotective capacity were those containing purine nucleobases (nitrones 9f, g, B = adenine, theophylline), followed by nitrones with pyrimidine nucleobases with H or F substituents at the C5 position (nitrones 9a, c). All of these possess EC50 values in the range of 1–6 μM and maximal activities higher than 100%. However, the introduction of a methyl substituent (nitrone 9b, B = thymine) or hard halogen substituents such as Br and Cl (nitrones 9d, e, B = 5-Br and 5-Cl uracil, respectively) worsens the neuroprotective activity of the nitrone with uracil as the nucleobase (9a). The effects on overall metabolic cell capacity were confirmed by results on the high anti-necrotic (EC50′s ≈ 2–4 μM) and antioxidant (EC50′s ≈ 0.4–3.5 μM) activities of these compounds on superoxide radical production. In general, all tested nitrones were excellent inhibitors of superoxide radical production in cultured neuroblastoma cells, as well as potent hydroxyl radical scavengers that inhibit in vitro lipid peroxidation, particularly, 9c, f, g, presenting the highest lipoxygenase inhibitory activity among the tested nitrones. Finally, the introduction of two nitrone groups at 9a and 9d (bis-nitronas 9g, i) did not show better neuroprotective effects than their precursor mono-nitrones. These results led us to propose nitrones containing purine (9f, g) and pyrimidine (9a, c) nucleobases as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cerebral ischemia and/or neurodegenerative diseases, leading us to further investigate their effects using in vivo models of these pathologies.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022-03-21
2022
2022-03-21
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72503
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72503
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MPDI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MPDI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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