Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns
Background: The objective of this paper is to analyze social inequalities in COVID-19 incidence, stratified by age, sex, geographical area, and income in Barcelona during the first two waves of the pandemic. Methods: We collected data on COVID-19 cases confirmed by laboratory tests during the first...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universitat Pompeu Fabra |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Digital de la UPF |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/46931 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031256 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | COVID-19 Geographical area Inequalities Urban area |
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Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patternsMarí Dell'Olmo, Marc, 1978-Gotsens Miquel, Mercè, 1983-Pasarín i Rua, M. IsabelRodríguez Sanz, Maica, 1974-Artazcoz Lazcano, Lucía, 1963-Garcia de Olalla, PatriciaRius, CristinaBorrell i Thió, CarmeCOVID-19Geographical areaInequalitiesUrban areaBackground: The objective of this paper is to analyze social inequalities in COVID-19 incidence, stratified by age, sex, geographical area, and income in Barcelona during the first two waves of the pandemic. Methods: We collected data on COVID-19 cases confirmed by laboratory tests during the first two waves of the pandemic (1 March to 15 July and 16 July to 30 November, 2020) in Barcelona. For each wave and sex, we calculated smooth cumulative incidence by census tract using a hierarchical Bayesian model. We analyzed income inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19, categorizing the census tracts into quintiles based on the income indicator. Results: During the two waves, women showed higher COVID-19 cumulative incidence under 64 years, while the trend was reversed after that threshold. The incidence of the disease was higher in some poor neighborhoods. The risk ratio (RR) increased in the poorest groups compared to the richest ones, mainly in the second wave, with RR being 1.67 (95% Credible Interval-CI-: 1.41-1.96) in the fifth quintile income group for men and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.44-1.99) for women. Conclusion: Our results indicate the existence of inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19 in an urban area of Southern Europe.MDPI202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/46931http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031256reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPFinstname:Universitat Pompeu FabraInglésInt J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1256© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/469312026-06-12T07:21:37Z |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns |
| title |
Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns |
| spellingShingle |
Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns Marí Dell'Olmo, Marc, 1978- COVID-19 Geographical area Inequalities Urban area |
| title_short |
Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns |
| title_full |
Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns |
| title_fullStr |
Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns |
| title_sort |
Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 in a european urban area: two waves, two patterns |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Marí Dell'Olmo, Marc, 1978- Gotsens Miquel, Mercè, 1983- Pasarín i Rua, M. Isabel Rodríguez Sanz, Maica, 1974- Artazcoz Lazcano, Lucía, 1963- Garcia de Olalla, Patricia Rius, Cristina Borrell i Thió, Carme |
| author |
Marí Dell'Olmo, Marc, 1978- |
| author_facet |
Marí Dell'Olmo, Marc, 1978- Gotsens Miquel, Mercè, 1983- Pasarín i Rua, M. Isabel Rodríguez Sanz, Maica, 1974- Artazcoz Lazcano, Lucía, 1963- Garcia de Olalla, Patricia Rius, Cristina Borrell i Thió, Carme |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Gotsens Miquel, Mercè, 1983- Pasarín i Rua, M. Isabel Rodríguez Sanz, Maica, 1974- Artazcoz Lazcano, Lucía, 1963- Garcia de Olalla, Patricia Rius, Cristina Borrell i Thió, Carme |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
COVID-19 Geographical area Inequalities Urban area |
| topic |
COVID-19 Geographical area Inequalities Urban area |
| description |
Background: The objective of this paper is to analyze social inequalities in COVID-19 incidence, stratified by age, sex, geographical area, and income in Barcelona during the first two waves of the pandemic. Methods: We collected data on COVID-19 cases confirmed by laboratory tests during the first two waves of the pandemic (1 March to 15 July and 16 July to 30 November, 2020) in Barcelona. For each wave and sex, we calculated smooth cumulative incidence by census tract using a hierarchical Bayesian model. We analyzed income inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19, categorizing the census tracts into quintiles based on the income indicator. Results: During the two waves, women showed higher COVID-19 cumulative incidence under 64 years, while the trend was reversed after that threshold. The incidence of the disease was higher in some poor neighborhoods. The risk ratio (RR) increased in the poorest groups compared to the richest ones, mainly in the second wave, with RR being 1.67 (95% Credible Interval-CI-: 1.41-1.96) in the fifth quintile income group for men and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.44-1.99) for women. Conclusion: Our results indicate the existence of inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19 in an urban area of Southern Europe. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 2021 2021 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031256 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031256 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
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Inglés |
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Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1256 |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf application/pdf |
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MDPI |
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MDPI |
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reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPF instname:Universitat Pompeu Fabra |
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Universitat Pompeu Fabra |
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