Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation

Excavations at Bell Korongo (BK) have yielded important evidence to infer different behaviours of early hominins in several archaeological levels since 1935. The present study shows the results for a newly geological and archaeological of BK (Level U3.1). This paper describes the geology of this new...

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Autores: Yravedra, José, Martín-Perea, David Manuel, Díez-Martín, Fernando, Domingo, M. Soledad, Arriaza, Mari Carmen, Organista, Elia, Aramendi, Julia, Barba, Rebeca, Baquedano, Enrique, Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Data de publicação:2019
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/226081
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/226081
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Taphonomy
Lower pleistocene
Homo erectus
Cut marks
Percussion marks
Olduvai gorge
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spelling Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitationYravedra, JoséMartín-Perea, David ManuelDíez-Martín, FernandoDomingo, M. SoledadArriaza, Mari CarmenOrganista, EliaAramendi, JuliaBarba, RebecaBaquedano, EnriqueDomínguez-Rodrigo, ManuelTaphonomyLower pleistoceneHomo erectusCut marksPercussion marksOlduvai gorgeExcavations at Bell Korongo (BK) have yielded important evidence to infer different behaviours of early hominins in several archaeological levels since 1935. The present study shows the results for a newly geological and archaeological of BK (Level U3.1). This paper describes the geology of this newly discovered level, along with a taphonomical analysis of the archaeological remains to better understand the assemblage formation processes. This new level was deposited at the base of LA Unit 3, in decantation facies over a point-bar. Although these facies, found throughout the site furnish ideal conditions for preservation, this is the first time in BK level U3.1 that any archaeological or paleontological remains have been found embedded within them. The taphonomic study suggests that the assemblage is the result of a short time span involving processes accumulating remains from different thanatocoenoses created over a time span of less than one year, consistent with a sedimentation process triggered by flooding of the channel during the annual heavy rains in the wet season. Furthermore, a large percentage of bones, including megafaunal remains, appear cutmarked, percussion marks and anthropgenic green fractures. Level U3.1 is the youngest level at BK, and adds to the evidence of the megafaunal exploitation behaviour of early Pleistocene hominins, which has already been extensively reported in BK Levels 4 and 5 and other African Lower Pleistocene sites.We thank COSTECH and the Antiquities Unit (Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism) of Tanzania for permission to conduct researchat Olduvai. DMMP acknowledges an FPI postgraduate fellowship associated to Project CGL2015-68333-P. MSD acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship under the program “Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships” (European Commission). We would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, the general directionof Fine Arts and Cultural Heritage and the Spanish Institute of Cultural Heritage, with fellowships to archaeological projects overseas to project PR47/1720999: “La explotación de megafaunas en el Paleolítico inferior africano. Nuevas perspectivas desde BK (Bell Korongo, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)”. We would like to thank the PALARQ Foundation with fellowships to archaeological projects overseas to project: AY200818/01, “Estrategia de subsistencia y explotación de megafaunas durante el final de Pleistoceno inferior africano y su implicación en la dispersión de Homo erectus (Bell Korongo, Olduvai)- Tanzania ”Thesupport of the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences (CoE-Pal) towards this research is hereby acknowledged.ElsevierMinistry of Natural Resources And Tourism (Tanzania)European CommissionMinisterio de Educación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2021202120192021info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/226081reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103545Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2260812026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation
title Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation
spellingShingle Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation
Yravedra, José
Taphonomy
Lower pleistocene
Homo erectus
Cut marks
Percussion marks
Olduvai gorge
title_short Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation
title_full Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation
title_fullStr Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation
title_full_unstemmed Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation
title_sort Level U3.1, a new archaeological level discovered at BK (upper bed II, Olduvai Gorge) with evidence of megafaunal exploitation
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Yravedra, José
Martín-Perea, David Manuel
Díez-Martín, Fernando
Domingo, M. Soledad
Arriaza, Mari Carmen
Organista, Elia
Aramendi, Julia
Barba, Rebeca
Baquedano, Enrique
Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel
author Yravedra, José
author_facet Yravedra, José
Martín-Perea, David Manuel
Díez-Martín, Fernando
Domingo, M. Soledad
Arriaza, Mari Carmen
Organista, Elia
Aramendi, Julia
Barba, Rebeca
Baquedano, Enrique
Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel
author_role author
author2 Martín-Perea, David Manuel
Díez-Martín, Fernando
Domingo, M. Soledad
Arriaza, Mari Carmen
Organista, Elia
Aramendi, Julia
Barba, Rebeca
Baquedano, Enrique
Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministry of Natural Resources And Tourism (Tanzania)
European Commission
Ministerio de Educación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Taphonomy
Lower pleistocene
Homo erectus
Cut marks
Percussion marks
Olduvai gorge
topic Taphonomy
Lower pleistocene
Homo erectus
Cut marks
Percussion marks
Olduvai gorge
description Excavations at Bell Korongo (BK) have yielded important evidence to infer different behaviours of early hominins in several archaeological levels since 1935. The present study shows the results for a newly geological and archaeological of BK (Level U3.1). This paper describes the geology of this newly discovered level, along with a taphonomical analysis of the archaeological remains to better understand the assemblage formation processes. This new level was deposited at the base of LA Unit 3, in decantation facies over a point-bar. Although these facies, found throughout the site furnish ideal conditions for preservation, this is the first time in BK level U3.1 that any archaeological or paleontological remains have been found embedded within them. The taphonomic study suggests that the assemblage is the result of a short time span involving processes accumulating remains from different thanatocoenoses created over a time span of less than one year, consistent with a sedimentation process triggered by flooding of the channel during the annual heavy rains in the wet season. Furthermore, a large percentage of bones, including megafaunal remains, appear cutmarked, percussion marks and anthropgenic green fractures. Level U3.1 is the youngest level at BK, and adds to the evidence of the megafaunal exploitation behaviour of early Pleistocene hominins, which has already been extensively reported in BK Levels 4 and 5 and other African Lower Pleistocene sites.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/226081
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/226081
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103545
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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