Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation

Introduction: The use of robotic systems in spine surgery is expanding, with growing interest in the potential for full automation. This review explores current robotic technologies, their limitations, and future automation possibilities, focusing on technical and practical aspects. Research questio...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Samprón, Nicolás, Lafuente Baraza, Jesús, Presa-Alonso, Jorge, Ivanov, Marcel, Hartl, Roger, Ringel, Florian
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:recercat____::c0ba88a1263274c38232d25ebe23244c
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10230/72955
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2025.104232
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Automation
Collaborative robots
Encoder-based systems
Robotic Spine surgery
Tracking technologies
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spelling Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automationSamprón, NicolásLafuente Baraza, JesúsPresa-Alonso, JorgeIvanov, MarcelHartl, RogerRingel, FlorianAutomationCollaborative robotsEncoder-based systemsRobotic Spine surgeryTracking technologiesIntroduction: The use of robotic systems in spine surgery is expanding, with growing interest in the potential for full automation. This review explores current robotic technologies, their limitations, and future automation possibilities, focusing on technical and practical aspects. Research question: What are the current capabilities and limitations of robotic systems in spine surgery, and how might advancements in tracking technologies facilitate a transition toward greater automation? Material and methods: A narrative review of literature on robotic spine surgery systems was conducted, analyzing benefits, accuracy, limitations, and innovations necessary for full automation. Focus was placed on trajectory-guiding technologies, such as optical tracking and alternative tracking methods. Results: Current robotic systems (e.g., Cirq®, Mazor X™, ExcelsiusGPS™) assist in trajectory guidance but lack autonomy. Optical tracking systems present challenges, such as obstruction vulnerability and inaccuracies in complex constructs. Conversely, encoder-based tracking demonstrated superior accuracy, offering a promising pathway toward increased automation. The potential advantages of robotics over conventional navigation, including their nature and clinical relevance, remain a topic of active discussion. However, the inherent complexity of spine surgery and the critical role of human decision-making remain substantial barriers. Discussion and conclusion: While full automation in robotic spine surgery is not yet attainable, advancements in tracking technologies point to a future of enhanced robot-surgeon collaboration, which could optimize clinical outcomes and improve procedural safety.Elsevier2026202620252026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10230/72955http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2025.104232https://hdl.handle.net/10230/72955reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésBrain and Spine. 2025;5:104232© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe, EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:recercat____::c0ba88a1263274c38232d25ebe23244c2026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation
title Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation
spellingShingle Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation
Samprón, Nicolás
Automation
Collaborative robots
Encoder-based systems
Robotic Spine surgery
Tracking technologies
title_short Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation
title_full Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation
title_fullStr Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation
title_full_unstemmed Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation
title_sort Advancing spine surgery: evaluating the potential for full robotic automation
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Samprón, Nicolás
Lafuente Baraza, Jesús
Presa-Alonso, Jorge
Ivanov, Marcel
Hartl, Roger
Ringel, Florian
author Samprón, Nicolás
author_facet Samprón, Nicolás
Lafuente Baraza, Jesús
Presa-Alonso, Jorge
Ivanov, Marcel
Hartl, Roger
Ringel, Florian
author_role author
author2 Lafuente Baraza, Jesús
Presa-Alonso, Jorge
Ivanov, Marcel
Hartl, Roger
Ringel, Florian
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Automation
Collaborative robots
Encoder-based systems
Robotic Spine surgery
Tracking technologies
topic Automation
Collaborative robots
Encoder-based systems
Robotic Spine surgery
Tracking technologies
description Introduction: The use of robotic systems in spine surgery is expanding, with growing interest in the potential for full automation. This review explores current robotic technologies, their limitations, and future automation possibilities, focusing on technical and practical aspects. Research question: What are the current capabilities and limitations of robotic systems in spine surgery, and how might advancements in tracking technologies facilitate a transition toward greater automation? Material and methods: A narrative review of literature on robotic spine surgery systems was conducted, analyzing benefits, accuracy, limitations, and innovations necessary for full automation. Focus was placed on trajectory-guiding technologies, such as optical tracking and alternative tracking methods. Results: Current robotic systems (e.g., Cirq®, Mazor X™, ExcelsiusGPS™) assist in trajectory guidance but lack autonomy. Optical tracking systems present challenges, such as obstruction vulnerability and inaccuracies in complex constructs. Conversely, encoder-based tracking demonstrated superior accuracy, offering a promising pathway toward increased automation. The potential advantages of robotics over conventional navigation, including their nature and clinical relevance, remain a topic of active discussion. However, the inherent complexity of spine surgery and the critical role of human decision-making remain substantial barriers. Discussion and conclusion: While full automation in robotic spine surgery is not yet attainable, advancements in tracking technologies point to a future of enhanced robot-surgeon collaboration, which could optimize clinical outcomes and improve procedural safety.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10230/72955
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2025.104232
https://hdl.handle.net/10230/72955
url https://hdl.handle.net/10230/72955
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2025.104232
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Brain and Spine. 2025;5:104232
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
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