The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis

A geological, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of the Tamame de Sayago (Zamora, Spain) deposit was carried out with the aim of knowing the conditions that facilitated the genesis in the same deposit of kaolinite and smectites. The alteration processes affecting a Variscan granite were...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Manchado, E. M., Suárez, M., García-Romero, Emilia
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2023
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/359693
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/359693
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85173095540
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Bentonite | Kaolin | Kaolinite | Smectite | Tamame de Sayago
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spelling The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and GenesisManchado, E. M.Suárez, M.García-Romero, EmiliaBentonite | Kaolin | Kaolinite | Smectite | Tamame de SayagoA geological, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of the Tamame de Sayago (Zamora, Spain) deposit was carried out with the aim of knowing the conditions that facilitated the genesis in the same deposit of kaolinite and smectites. The alteration processes affecting a Variscan granite were deduced throughout the study of a very wide group of representative samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements, as well as δ18O, δ34S stable isotope and K/Ar dating analyses. In addition, 2D and 2.5D graphs of the kaolinite and smectite isoconcentrations were obtained from core data. According to the color and texture, two different clayey rock types were identified and named as homogeneous alteration zones (ZAHO) and heterogeneous alteration zones (ZAHE). The ZAHO are regoliths in which the granite texture is preserved, and the feldspars are almost completely kaolinized. In the ZAHE, the original texture of the granitic rock is lost, and the main clay mineral is smectite. The mineralogical composition is similar, with kaolinite, smectite, mica, quartz, scarce feldspar, and occasionally natroalunite and APS (aluminum-phosphate-sulphate); however, the mineral concentration varies considerably because ZAHO are rich in kaolin areas whereas ZAHE are bentonitic areas. Both rock types contain numerous veins and nodules. The weathering of the Paleozoic granite alongside the absence of sedimentation during the Mesozoic led to the formation of kaolinite that is preserved in ZAHO materials. Nonetheless, during the Cretaceous–Tertiary transit, the conditions of tectonic stability varied. Late Variscan faults reactivated which allowed the percolation of Mg- and Ca-rich hydrothermal fluids through the already kaolinized granite, increasing the alteration of the primary silicates and leading to the formation of smectites in ZAHE materials. The amount of smectites is greater closer to the faults. The stable isotopes indicate the meteoric nature of the low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. The K/Ar data obtained from the natroalunite of veins indicate that those hydrothermal fluids circulated in different pulses from 66.4 ± 1.7 to 58.8 ± 1.5 Ma, as a minimum. Those ages are coincident with the first formation stages of the Duero Basin.Consejería de Educación. Junta de Castilla y León. SA107P20 project.Peer reviewedSpringerJunta de Castilla y LeónGarcía-Romero, E. [0000-0002-9370-2823]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202420242023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/359693https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85173095540reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésClays and Clay Mineralshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-023-00256-2Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3596932026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
title The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
spellingShingle The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
Manchado, E. M.
Bentonite | Kaolin | Kaolinite | Smectite | Tamame de Sayago
title_short The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
title_full The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
title_fullStr The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
title_full_unstemmed The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
title_sort The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Manchado, E. M.
Suárez, M.
García-Romero, Emilia
author Manchado, E. M.
author_facet Manchado, E. M.
Suárez, M.
García-Romero, Emilia
author_role author
author2 Suárez, M.
García-Romero, Emilia
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Junta de Castilla y León
García-Romero, E. [0000-0002-9370-2823]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Bentonite | Kaolin | Kaolinite | Smectite | Tamame de Sayago
topic Bentonite | Kaolin | Kaolinite | Smectite | Tamame de Sayago
description A geological, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of the Tamame de Sayago (Zamora, Spain) deposit was carried out with the aim of knowing the conditions that facilitated the genesis in the same deposit of kaolinite and smectites. The alteration processes affecting a Variscan granite were deduced throughout the study of a very wide group of representative samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements, as well as δ18O, δ34S stable isotope and K/Ar dating analyses. In addition, 2D and 2.5D graphs of the kaolinite and smectite isoconcentrations were obtained from core data. According to the color and texture, two different clayey rock types were identified and named as homogeneous alteration zones (ZAHO) and heterogeneous alteration zones (ZAHE). The ZAHO are regoliths in which the granite texture is preserved, and the feldspars are almost completely kaolinized. In the ZAHE, the original texture of the granitic rock is lost, and the main clay mineral is smectite. The mineralogical composition is similar, with kaolinite, smectite, mica, quartz, scarce feldspar, and occasionally natroalunite and APS (aluminum-phosphate-sulphate); however, the mineral concentration varies considerably because ZAHO are rich in kaolin areas whereas ZAHE are bentonitic areas. Both rock types contain numerous veins and nodules. The weathering of the Paleozoic granite alongside the absence of sedimentation during the Mesozoic led to the formation of kaolinite that is preserved in ZAHO materials. Nonetheless, during the Cretaceous–Tertiary transit, the conditions of tectonic stability varied. Late Variscan faults reactivated which allowed the percolation of Mg- and Ca-rich hydrothermal fluids through the already kaolinized granite, increasing the alteration of the primary silicates and leading to the formation of smectites in ZAHE materials. The amount of smectites is greater closer to the faults. The stable isotopes indicate the meteoric nature of the low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. The K/Ar data obtained from the natroalunite of veins indicate that those hydrothermal fluids circulated in different pulses from 66.4 ± 1.7 to 58.8 ± 1.5 Ma, as a minimum. Those ages are coincident with the first formation stages of the Duero Basin.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/359693
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85173095540
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/359693
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85173095540
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Clays and Clay Minerals
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-023-00256-2
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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