Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)

[EN] This work reports an analytical study conducted prior to the conservation intervention of a collection of elephant tusks excavated from a wreck site of a 600-500 BC Phoenician trading vessel in Bajo de la campana (Murcia, Spain). The conservation state of ivory, determined by prolongated immers...

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Autores: Domenech Carbo, Mª Teresa|||0000-0003-3660-2161, Osete Cortina, Laura|||0000-0003-0709-5885, Buendía Ortuño, María del Milagro, Pasies Oviedo, Trinidad
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2016
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
Repositorio:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/101125
Acceso en línea:https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/101125
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Waterlogged ivory
FESEM-EDX
XRD
Fourier-self deconvolution curve fitting
FTIR spectroscopy
GC-MS
Spectrophotometry
Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV
PINTURA
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oai_identifier_str oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/101125
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)
title Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)
spellingShingle Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)
Domenech Carbo, Mª Teresa|||0000-0003-3660-2161
Waterlogged ivory
FESEM-EDX
XRD
Fourier-self deconvolution curve fitting
FTIR spectroscopy
GC-MS
Spectrophotometry
Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV
PINTURA
title_short Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)
title_full Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)
title_fullStr Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)
title_full_unstemmed Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)
title_sort Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Domenech Carbo, Mª Teresa|||0000-0003-3660-2161
Osete Cortina, Laura|||0000-0003-0709-5885
Buendía Ortuño, María del Milagro
Pasies Oviedo, Trinidad
author Domenech Carbo, Mª Teresa|||0000-0003-3660-2161
author_facet Domenech Carbo, Mª Teresa|||0000-0003-3660-2161
Osete Cortina, Laura|||0000-0003-0709-5885
Buendía Ortuño, María del Milagro
Pasies Oviedo, Trinidad
author_role author
author2 Osete Cortina, Laura|||0000-0003-0709-5885
Buendía Ortuño, María del Milagro
Pasies Oviedo, Trinidad
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Departamento de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales
Facultad de Bellas Artes
Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Waterlogged ivory
FESEM-EDX
XRD
Fourier-self deconvolution curve fitting
FTIR spectroscopy
GC-MS
Spectrophotometry
Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV
PINTURA
topic Waterlogged ivory
FESEM-EDX
XRD
Fourier-self deconvolution curve fitting
FTIR spectroscopy
GC-MS
Spectrophotometry
Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV
PINTURA
description [EN] This work reports an analytical study conducted prior to the conservation intervention of a collection of elephant tusks excavated from a wreck site of a 600-500 BC Phoenician trading vessel in Bajo de la campana (Murcia, Spain). The conservation state of ivory, determined by prolongated immersion in a marine environment, was established by a multi-technique methodology: light microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis (FESEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analyses demonstrated that the structure and composition of both tusk parts, namely the inner ivory and outer cementum, were altered due to characteristic diagenetic processes of a marine environment. Ca enrichment was observed in both tusk parts, which gave higher Ca/P molar ratio values than for ideal hydroxyapatite. Mg leaching was observed, together with uptake of exogenous elements (F, Cl, Si, Al, S, Na, Fe, Cu, Sr, Pb, Sn, Ag, V, Ni, Cd and Zn), which were prevalently identified in the external tusk part. Uptake of S and Fe was associated with the neoformation of pyrite framboids. The high carbonate content measured by FTIR, which agreed with the higher Ca/P ratios found in the archaeological tusk, was ascribed to the carbonate substitution of phosphate groups (type-B) in the bioapatite accompanied by some authigenic calcium carbonate that infilled ivory. An increased degree of crystallinity was observed when comparing the values of several crystallinity indices found in the archaeological bioapatite with those of a modern tusk, used as the reference material. Increased crystallinity prevalently took place in the cementurn. In accordance with increased crystallinity, the HPO42- content index indicated that the hydrated layer of bioapatite nanocrystals diminished in the archaeological tusk, and prevalently in the cementum. All these changes correlated with the significant organic matter loss reported for the archaeological tusk. Interestingly, remaining collagenous matter noticeably altered with enrichment in glycine and depletion in acid amino acids. Changes in the secondary structure of proteins were also recognised and associated with collagen gelatinisation. In addition to proteinaceous materials, small amounts of long-chain fatty acids, monoglycerides and cholesteryl oleate were identified by GC-MS. Cholesteryl oleate was associated with blood, which could have precipitated at the time of specimen death. The identification of large amounts of pyrite framboids and the high oleic acid/palmitic acid ratio in the archaeological tusk suggested minimal oxidative degradation processes, probably due to the slightly anoxic conditions of the underwater Bajo de la campana site environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016
2016-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/101125
url https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/101125
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 CTQ2011-28079-C03-01 DESARROLLO DE METODOS NANOELECTROQUIMICOS DE ANALISIS DE OBRA PICTORICA BASADOS EN LA TECNICA DE MICROSCOPIA DE FUERZA ATOMICA-VOLTAMETRIA DE NANOPARTICULAS
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P APLICACION DE LAS TECNICAS NANOELECTROQUIMICAS Y BIOTECNOLOGIAS EN EL ESTUDIO Y CONSERVACION DEL PATRIMONIO EN METAL
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada (by-nc-nd)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada (by-nc-nd)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
instname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
reponame_str RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
collection RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)Domenech Carbo, Mª Teresa|||0000-0003-3660-2161Osete Cortina, Laura|||0000-0003-0709-5885Buendía Ortuño, María del MilagroPasies Oviedo, TrinidadWaterlogged ivoryFESEM-EDXXRDFourier-self deconvolution curve fittingFTIR spectroscopyGC-MSSpectrophotometryElectron Microscopy Service of the UPVPINTURA[EN] This work reports an analytical study conducted prior to the conservation intervention of a collection of elephant tusks excavated from a wreck site of a 600-500 BC Phoenician trading vessel in Bajo de la campana (Murcia, Spain). The conservation state of ivory, determined by prolongated immersion in a marine environment, was established by a multi-technique methodology: light microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis (FESEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analyses demonstrated that the structure and composition of both tusk parts, namely the inner ivory and outer cementum, were altered due to characteristic diagenetic processes of a marine environment. Ca enrichment was observed in both tusk parts, which gave higher Ca/P molar ratio values than for ideal hydroxyapatite. Mg leaching was observed, together with uptake of exogenous elements (F, Cl, Si, Al, S, Na, Fe, Cu, Sr, Pb, Sn, Ag, V, Ni, Cd and Zn), which were prevalently identified in the external tusk part. Uptake of S and Fe was associated with the neoformation of pyrite framboids. The high carbonate content measured by FTIR, which agreed with the higher Ca/P ratios found in the archaeological tusk, was ascribed to the carbonate substitution of phosphate groups (type-B) in the bioapatite accompanied by some authigenic calcium carbonate that infilled ivory. An increased degree of crystallinity was observed when comparing the values of several crystallinity indices found in the archaeological bioapatite with those of a modern tusk, used as the reference material. Increased crystallinity prevalently took place in the cementurn. In accordance with increased crystallinity, the HPO42- content index indicated that the hydrated layer of bioapatite nanocrystals diminished in the archaeological tusk, and prevalently in the cementum. All these changes correlated with the significant organic matter loss reported for the archaeological tusk. Interestingly, remaining collagenous matter noticeably altered with enrichment in glycine and depletion in acid amino acids. Changes in the secondary structure of proteins were also recognised and associated with collagen gelatinisation. In addition to proteinaceous materials, small amounts of long-chain fatty acids, monoglycerides and cholesteryl oleate were identified by GC-MS. Cholesteryl oleate was associated with blood, which could have precipitated at the time of specimen death. The identification of large amounts of pyrite framboids and the high oleic acid/palmitic acid ratio in the archaeological tusk suggested minimal oxidative degradation processes, probably due to the slightly anoxic conditions of the underwater Bajo de la campana site environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The authors wish to thank CITES Espana and Direccion General de Bienes Culturales y Ensenanzas Artisticas, de la Consejeria de Educacion, Cultura y Universidades de la Comunidad Autonoma de la Region de Murcia, Museo Nacional de Arqueologia Subacuatica. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from Spanish "I + D + I MINECO" projects CTQ2011-28079-CO3-01 and 02 and CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P supported by ERDEF funds. The authors also wish to thank Mr. Manuel Planes and Dr. Jose Luis Moya, technical supervisors of the Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.ElsevierDepartamento de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes CulturalesFacultad de Bellas ArtesInstituto Universitario de Restauración del PatrimonioMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónRepositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet20162016-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/101125reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valénciainstname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)InglésengMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 CTQ2011-28079-C03-01 DESARROLLO DE METODOS NANOELECTROQUIMICOS DE ANALISIS DE OBRA PICTORICA BASADOS EN LA TECNICA DE MICROSCOPIA DE FUERZA ATOMICA-VOLTAMETRIA DE NANOPARTICULASMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P APLICACION DE LAS TECNICAS NANOELECTROQUIMICAS Y BIOTECNOLOGIAS EN EL ESTUDIO Y CONSERVACION DEL PATRIMONIO EN METALopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada (by-nc-nd) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:riunet.upv.es:10251/1011252026-06-13T07:49:27Z
score 15.223283

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