Spatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring

[EN]Background and aims Wastewater-based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of benzoylecg...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: González Mariño, Iria, Baz‐Lomba, Jose Antonio, Alygizakis, Nikiforos A., Andrés‐Costa, Maria Jesús, Bade, Richard, Bannwarth, Anne, Barron, Leon P., Been, Frederic, Benaglia, Lisa, Berset, Jean‐Daniel, Bijlsma, Lubertus, Bodík, Igor, Brenner, Asher, Brock, Andreas L., Burgard, Daniel A., Castrignanò, Erika, Celma, Alberto, Christophoridis, Christophoros E., Covaci, Adrian, Delémont, Olivier, de Voogt, Pim, Devault, Damien A., Dias, Mário J., Emke, Erik, Esseiva, Pierre, Fatta‐Kassinos, Despo, Fedorova, Ganna, Fytianos, Konstantinos, Gerber, Cobus, Grabic, Roman, Gracia‐Lor, Emma, Grüner, Stefan, Gunnar, Teemu, Hapeshi, Evroula, Heath, Ester, Helm, Björn, Hernández, Félix, Kankaanpaa, Aino, Karolak, Sara, Kasprzyk‐Hordern, Barbara, Krizman‐Matasic, Ivona, Lai, Foon Yin, Lechowicz, Wojciech, Lopes, Alvaro, López de Alda, Miren, López‐García, Ester, Löve, Arndís S. C., Mastroianni, Nicola, McEneff, Gillian L., Montes, Rosa, Munro, Kelly, Nefau, Thomas, Oberacher, Herbert, O'Brien, Jake W., Oertel, Reinhard, Olafsdottir, Kristin, Picó, Yolanda, Plósz, Benedek G., Polesel, Fabio, Postigo, Cristina, Quintana, José Benito, Ramin, Pedram, Reid, Malcolm J., Rice, Jack, Rodil, Rosario, Salgueiro‐González, Noelia, Schubert, Sara, Senta, Ivan, Simões, Susana M., Sremacki, Maja M., Styszko, Katarzyna, Terzic, Senka, Thomaidis, Nikolaos S., Thomas, Kevin V., Tscharke, Ben J., Udrisard, Robin, van Nuijs, Alexander L. N., Yargeau, Viviane, Zuccato, Ettore, Castiglioni, Sara, Ort, Christoph
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión actualizada desde la publicación
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Salamanca (USAL)
Repositorio:GREDOS. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Salamanca
OAI Identifier:oai:gredos.usal.es:10366/168544
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168544
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Amphetamine
Cocaine
MDMA
Methamphetamine
Illicit drugs
Wastewater-based epidemiology
2301.03 Análisis Cromatográfico
6113.03 Abuso de Drogas
3305.30 Alcantarillado y depuración de Aguas
Descripción
Sumario:[EN]Background and aims Wastewater-based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011–17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data. Design Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017. Setting and Participants Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries. Measurements Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world-wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011–13 drug loads versus 2014–17 loads. Findings Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North–Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge. Conclusions The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real-time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data.

Similares en LA Referencia