How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks

Caffeinated beverages have become a common dietary habit especially among adolescents, young adults and athletes due to their cognitive and physical performance-enhancing effects. This study evaluates the bioaccessibility (release during digestion) and bioavailability (intestinal absorption) of caff...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Melones Peña, Natalia, Gómez Gómez, Beatriz, Gracia Lor, Emma
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/123450
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123450
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:543
Caffeine
Energy drinks
Soft drinks
Bioaccessibility
Bioavailability
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Química analítica (Química)
2301 Química Analítica
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oai_identifier_str oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/123450
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repository_id_str
spelling How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinksMelones Peña, NataliaGómez Gómez, BeatrizGracia Lor, Emma543CaffeineEnergy drinksSoft drinksBioaccessibilityBioavailabilityIn vitro gastrointestinal digestionQuímica analítica (Química)2301 Química AnalíticaCaffeinated beverages have become a common dietary habit especially among adolescents, young adults and athletes due to their cognitive and physical performance-enhancing effects. This study evaluates the bioaccessibility (release during digestion) and bioavailability (intestinal absorption) of caffeine in coffee, teas, soft and energy drinks by applying an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, with the aim of quantifying the real exposure to caffeine. Bioaccessibility values of 87–112 % for infused beverages, 83–103 % for soft drinks and 94–104 % for energy drinks were obtained, while bioavailability ranged from 62 to 76 %; 65–79 % and 52–76 %, respectively. Consuming a whole can of an energy drink results in a bioavailable caffeine content up to 115 mg. While these values remain within the recommended single-dose intake limit of 200 mg for adults, approaching recommended upper intake levels, particularly for children and adolescents.ElsevierUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20252025-11-1520252025-11-15data paperhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_beb9VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123450reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1234502026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks
title How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks
spellingShingle How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks
Melones Peña, Natalia
543
Caffeine
Energy drinks
Soft drinks
Bioaccessibility
Bioavailability
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Química analítica (Química)
2301 Química Analítica
title_short How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks
title_full How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks
title_fullStr How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks
title_full_unstemmed How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks
title_sort How much consumed caffeine is actually absorbed? Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in energy drinks, infusions and soft drinks
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Melones Peña, Natalia
Gómez Gómez, Beatriz
Gracia Lor, Emma
author Melones Peña, Natalia
author_facet Melones Peña, Natalia
Gómez Gómez, Beatriz
Gracia Lor, Emma
author_role author
author2 Gómez Gómez, Beatriz
Gracia Lor, Emma
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 543
Caffeine
Energy drinks
Soft drinks
Bioaccessibility
Bioavailability
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Química analítica (Química)
2301 Química Analítica
topic 543
Caffeine
Energy drinks
Soft drinks
Bioaccessibility
Bioavailability
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Química analítica (Química)
2301 Química Analítica
description Caffeinated beverages have become a common dietary habit especially among adolescents, young adults and athletes due to their cognitive and physical performance-enhancing effects. This study evaluates the bioaccessibility (release during digestion) and bioavailability (intestinal absorption) of caffeine in coffee, teas, soft and energy drinks by applying an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, with the aim of quantifying the real exposure to caffeine. Bioaccessibility values of 87–112 % for infused beverages, 83–103 % for soft drinks and 94–104 % for energy drinks were obtained, while bioavailability ranged from 62 to 76 %; 65–79 % and 52–76 %, respectively. Consuming a whole can of an energy drink results in a bioavailable caffeine content up to 115 mg. While these values remain within the recommended single-dose intake limit of 200 mg for adults, approaching recommended upper intake levels, particularly for children and adolescents.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-11-15
2025
2025-11-15
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv data paper
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_beb9
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123450
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123450
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869405946459979776
score 15.812455

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