Chromonic-liquid-crystal-templated synthesis of powdered and monolithic silica materials: mechanism, textural properties and drug delivery

Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLC) enable the templating of silica fibers with aligned porous structures and tunable pore size, properties that hold significant potential for applications like controlled drug delivery. LCLC guide the synthesis of microporous and mesoporous silicas through so...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Pérez-Calm, Adrià, Müller-Sánchez, Claudia, Piña Cañaveras, Anna Maria, Berteloot, Eva, Grijalvo, Santiago, Fernandes, Soraia P. S., Kolen'ko, Yury V., Lebedev, Oleg, Esquena, Jordi, Reina, Manuel, Rodríguez-Abreu, Carlos
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/410283
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/410283
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105023955115
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Sol-gel reaction
Biocompatible composites
Chromonic liquid crystal
Drug delivery
Microporous materials
Nanostructured silica monoliths
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Descrição
Resumo:Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLC) enable the templating of silica fibers with aligned porous structures and tunable pore size, properties that hold significant potential for applications like controlled drug delivery. LCLC guide the synthesis of microporous and mesoporous silicas through sol-gel reactions in the presence of silicon alkoxides, such as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), typically producing fibers with long, aligned pores and specific surface areas around 200–300 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Here, we develop micro/mesoporous silica materials using a cationic chromonic perylene diimide as template, combined with a porogenic silica precursor, hexadecyl trimethoxysilane (HDTMS), to achieve increased specific surface areas and larger pore sizes compared to conventional TEOS-based chromonic-templated silicas. The resulting silica materials can be fabricated as macroscopic, centimeter-sized monoliths with tunable porosity, composed of entangled silica nanofibers forming a networked structure. These highly porous monoliths were evaluated as carriers of small drugs (ibuprofen), and demonstrated high encapsulation efficiencies, as well as sustained drug release in a simulated body fluid (SBF, pH = 7.4), achieving complete release within 24 h. In contrast, powdered silica samples of the same composition showed poorer encapsulation efficiencies and faster release rates, highlighting the advantages of monolithic structures for drug delivery. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was deposited onto the silica monoliths to produce robust composite scaffolds, whose degradation products did not affect HEK293 cell viability.