CO2 Capture System by Calcium Looping with Steam-Enhanced Calcination

The decarbonization of hard-to-abate industrial sectors requires cost-effective CO<inf>2</inf> capture technologies capable of delivering high-purity CO<inf>2</inf> streams. This work presents the experimental evaluation of a novel packed-bed calcium looping process, CaL, inc...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Fernández García, José Ramón, Barragán, Arturo, Abanades García, Juan Carlos
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::b2b204d8bf472990ba91d28adc892ecc
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/430718
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105036577498
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:http://metadata.un.org/sdg/9
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/7
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
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Descrição
Resumo:The decarbonization of hard-to-abate industrial sectors requires cost-effective CO<inf>2</inf> capture technologies capable of delivering high-purity CO<inf>2</inf> streams. This work presents the experimental evaluation of a novel packed-bed calcium looping process, CaL, incorporating steam-enhanced calcination to facilitate such objective. The concept exploits the thermal energy released during the exothermic carbonation of CaO to drive subsequent calcination via a rapid CO<inf>2</inf> partial-pressure swing induced by steam injection. This approach enables autothermal operation and produces nearly pure CO<inf>2</inf> after water condensation. Laboratory-scale tests were conducted in a 1.2-m-long (ID = 50 mm) fixed-bed reactor using lime from a natural limestone as the CaO sorbent. Maximum gas flow rates of up to 35 lN/min were introduced in the packed bed, corresponding to maximum gas hourly space velocities (GHSV) of approximately 3200 h<sup>–1</sup> and minimum gas residence times slightly above 1 s. Successive carbonation–calcination cycles demonstrated CO<inf>2</inf> capture efficiencies above 95% for feed gases containing 15–40 vol % CO<inf>2</inf>, with outlet streams during calcination composed of virtually 100% CO<inf>2</inf> (dry basis). The maximum temperature reached during the carbonation stages was 835 °C, dictated by the thermodynamic equilibrium at the highest CO<inf>2</inf> concentration tested. The extent of sorbent calcination conversion varied between 25 and 100%, depending on the initial calcination temperature and the stage duration. Temperature profiles confirmed that heat stored during carbonation is sufficient to sustain rapid calcination, while integration of brief chemical looping combustion stages within the bed provides additional thermal control and can balance heat losses and gas preheating requirements.