An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis

Introduction: Benzophenones (BPs) are used in various branches of industry as ultraviolet radiation filters, but they pollute the natural environment, penetrate living organisms, and disrupt endocrine balance. Knowledge of the exposure of domestic animals to these substances is extremely scant. The...

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Autores: Gonkowski, SŁawomir, Martín Bueno, Julia, Rychlik, Andrzej, Aparicio Gómez, Irene, Santos Morcillo, Juan Luis, Alonso Álvarez, Esteban, Makowska, Krystyna
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/159617
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/159617
https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0022
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Endocrine disruptors
Pets
Dogs
Benzophenones
Exposure
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spelling An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample AnalysisGonkowski, SŁawomirMartín Bueno, JuliaRychlik, AndrzejAparicio Gómez, IreneSantos Morcillo, Juan LuisAlonso Álvarez, EstebanMakowska, KrystynaEndocrine disruptorsPetsDogsBenzophenonesExposureIntroduction: Benzophenones (BPs) are used in various branches of industry as ultraviolet radiation filters, but they pollute the natural environment, penetrate living organisms, and disrupt endocrine balance. Knowledge of the exposure of domestic animals to these substances is extremely scant. The aim of the study was to investigate long-term exposure of companion dogs to BPs and relate this to environmental factors. Material and Methods: Hair samples taken from 50 dogs and 50 bitches from under 2 to over 10 years old were analysed for BP content with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The results revealed that dogs are most often exposed to 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) and 4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1). Concentration levels of BP-3 above the method quantification limit (MQL) were noted in 100% of the samples and fluctuated from 4.75 ng/g to 1,765 ng/g. In turn, concentration levels of BP-1 above the MQL were noted in 37% of the samples and ranged from <0.50 ng/g to 666 ng/g. Various factors (such as the use of hygiene and care products and the dog’s diet) were found to affect BP concentration levels. Higher levels of BP-3 were observed in castrated/spayed animals and in animals that required veterinary intervention more often. Conclusion: The results obtained show that the analysis of hair samples may be a useful matrix for biomonitoring BPs in dogs, and that these substances may be toxic to them.University of Warmia and Mazury 15.610.019-110SciendoQuímica AnalíticaUniversity of Warmia and Mazury. Polonia2024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/159617https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0022reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésJournal of Veterinary Research, 68.15.610.019-110https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0022info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1596172026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis
title An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis
spellingShingle An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis
Gonkowski, SŁawomir
Endocrine disruptors
Pets
Dogs
Benzophenones
Exposure
title_short An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis
title_full An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis
title_fullStr An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis
title_full_unstemmed An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis
title_sort An Evaluation of Dogs’ Exposure to Benzophenones through Hair Sample Analysis
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gonkowski, SŁawomir
Martín Bueno, Julia
Rychlik, Andrzej
Aparicio Gómez, Irene
Santos Morcillo, Juan Luis
Alonso Álvarez, Esteban
Makowska, Krystyna
author Gonkowski, SŁawomir
author_facet Gonkowski, SŁawomir
Martín Bueno, Julia
Rychlik, Andrzej
Aparicio Gómez, Irene
Santos Morcillo, Juan Luis
Alonso Álvarez, Esteban
Makowska, Krystyna
author_role author
author2 Martín Bueno, Julia
Rychlik, Andrzej
Aparicio Gómez, Irene
Santos Morcillo, Juan Luis
Alonso Álvarez, Esteban
Makowska, Krystyna
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Química Analítica
University of Warmia and Mazury. Polonia
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Endocrine disruptors
Pets
Dogs
Benzophenones
Exposure
topic Endocrine disruptors
Pets
Dogs
Benzophenones
Exposure
description Introduction: Benzophenones (BPs) are used in various branches of industry as ultraviolet radiation filters, but they pollute the natural environment, penetrate living organisms, and disrupt endocrine balance. Knowledge of the exposure of domestic animals to these substances is extremely scant. The aim of the study was to investigate long-term exposure of companion dogs to BPs and relate this to environmental factors. Material and Methods: Hair samples taken from 50 dogs and 50 bitches from under 2 to over 10 years old were analysed for BP content with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The results revealed that dogs are most often exposed to 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) and 4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1). Concentration levels of BP-3 above the method quantification limit (MQL) were noted in 100% of the samples and fluctuated from 4.75 ng/g to 1,765 ng/g. In turn, concentration levels of BP-1 above the MQL were noted in 37% of the samples and ranged from <0.50 ng/g to 666 ng/g. Various factors (such as the use of hygiene and care products and the dog’s diet) were found to affect BP concentration levels. Higher levels of BP-3 were observed in castrated/spayed animals and in animals that required veterinary intervention more often. Conclusion: The results obtained show that the analysis of hair samples may be a useful matrix for biomonitoring BPs in dogs, and that these substances may be toxic to them.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/159617
https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0022
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/159617
https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0022
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Veterinary Research, 68.
15.610.019-110
https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0022
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sciendo
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sciendo
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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