Nuevas técnicas diagnósticas de las enfermedades respiratorias : análisis de imagen
In the present thesis 3 detailed studies were carried out that spring from 3 different diagnostic techniques that include bronoscopy, tuberculine bacillus infection diagnosis, and the control of oxygen therapy in chronic patients. All three studies were based on image analysis. In the first study we...
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| Formato: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2016 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) |
| Repositorio: | UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/96402 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/2117/96402 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-96402 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Enginyeria biomèdica Imatgeria per al diagnòstic Aparell respiratori -- Malalties Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria biomèdica |
| Resumo: | In the present thesis 3 detailed studies were carried out that spring from 3 different diagnostic techniques that include bronoscopy, tuberculine bacillus infection diagnosis, and the control of oxygen therapy in chronic patients. All three studies were based on image analysis. In the first study we applied ultrasound techniques through broncoscopy (EBUS) and evaluated the images of 12 malignant ganglios and 11 benign mediastine ones in patients suspected as having pulmonary neoplastic disease. A previous process was applied to improve the quality of the image and enhance their features. Morfologic and texture parameters were anaylized such as texture of the ultrasounds and fractal dimensión that express the relation between the area and the perimeter of the structures that appear in the image, as well as characteristics of internal structure convolucionated of the hiliary and mediastine structures. The fractal dimensión was lower in the malignant ganglios compared to non-malignant ones (1.47(0.09), 1.53(0.10) mean (SD), respectively, Mann Whitney U test p<0.005)). In conclusion the fractal dimensión of ultrasound images of the mediastine ganglios obtained through endobronquial ultrasound differ depending on whether they are benign or malignant. In the second study a new method of evaluation was implemented of the tuberculine skin reaction with an Infrared camera. In this study 34 subjects participated that had been in contact with people infected with the bacillus. (46.8± 16.9 years), (12/22 men/women). The test reading was performed by the standard exploratory method and after taking an image of the puncture site on the forearm, using an Infrared Fluke Camara (320x240) situated 40 cm above the forearm. The IR image was processed using conventional image processing techniques (Canny edge detection, Hough transformer). From the previously segmented regions the following parameters are extracted: Maximum temperature , mean and mínimum in Cº, surface area and diameter of the area of segmented reaction. Results: 3 areas of segmentation were established: Area 1, called "papule", area 2 "eritema" and area 3 "background". The differences in temp between areas 1 and 2 in the group with positive IR reaction were significant with a mean temp. difference of 0.45 Cº ( T Test, p<0.05). The difference between the mean temp. of the central area of both groups was 1.11 Cº (T Test, p<0.05). The regression coefficient between the diameter measured by examination was R=0.65, R2=0.42, ( p<0.001), in all subjects with a positive PPD. We can conclude that the tuberculine injection produces an inflammatory reaction that can be easily readed with a IR application. The third study yielded data regarding the effects that applied oxygen therapy over a short period to time has on the psychomotor status of patients with chronic hypoxemia. Eight patients (7 men and 1 woman, mean age 69.5 (9.9) years (mean SD) affected by Hypoxemia (Pa O2 62.2(6.9) mmHg, participated. They performed drawings: a house and a clock. The tests were undertaken before and after inhaling O2 during 30 minutes. Results: The speed of drawing increased after inhaling O2 while making the house drawing (speed 27.6(5.5) mm/s basal, 30.9(7.1) mm/s with O2, mean(SD), p<0.025, Wilcoxon Test). The drawing time "down" decreased (i.e. For the house; "down time" 20.7 (6.6) s basal, 17.4 (6.3) s with O2 , p<0.017, Wilcoxon Test). The drawing time "down" or the fraction of time that the pencil is in contact while performing the drawing decreased. ((i.e. For the house: "time down" 20.7(6.6) s basal, 17.4(6.3) s con O2 , p<0.017, Wilcoxon Test). In conclusion, this study shows that in patients with chronic hypoxemia, the administration of O2 at a low concentration during a short period of time produces changes in psychomotor function that can be measured through the drawing analysis. |
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