Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth

A flume experiment was carried out to improve understanding of interactions between turbidity currents and aquatic vegetation canopies and their landscape-scale consequences. It focussed on comparing hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in continuous canopies with those in vegetation patches, and o...

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Autores: Soler i Ortega, Marianna, Serra Putellas, Teresa, Folkard, Andrew, Colomer, Jordi
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2021
País:España
Recursos:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositório:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10256/19363
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10256/19363
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Hidrodinàmica
Hydrodynamics
Sedimentació
Sedimentation and deposition
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spelling Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depthSoler i Ortega, MariannaSerra Putellas, TeresaFolkard, AndrewColomer, JordiHidrodinàmicaHydrodynamicsSedimentacióSedimentation and depositionA flume experiment was carried out to improve understanding of interactions between turbidity currents and aquatic vegetation canopies and their landscape-scale consequences. It focussed on comparing hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in continuous canopies with those in vegetation patches, and on the effects of varying water depth – both of which are previously unreported. The currents’ particulate load was characterised as a mix of fine and coarse fractions. Varying canopy frontal densities, a, and water depths, H, were used. Fifteen runs were carried out with the flume fully vegetated, and a further ten with shorter vegetation patches. In all runs, the currents evolved as expected through inertial, drag-dominated and viscous regimes. The positions at which transitions between the regimes occurred were measured and analysed. In the fully-vegetated runs, both transition positions varied linearly with aH for aH < 0.8, and were constant when aH > 0.8. We argue that the variation at lower values of aH is caused by non-canopy drag forces becoming non-negligible compared to the canopy drag. An equation is derived that models, as a function of a and H, the size a vegetation patch needs to be for its effect on turbidity currents to be the same as that of a continuous canopy. The sediment depositional flux rate for fine particles from the currents within the vegetation was greater than that for coarse particles, by a factor of 1.57. This suggests that bed sediment deposited within canopy patches by turbidity currents will be on average finer than that in gaps between patches, as has been found previously for currents and waves. Thus, this effect will contribute to the development of inter-tidal and shallow sub-tidal landscapes characterized by patches of dense vegetation and fine sediments, surrounded by bare regions with coarser sediments. Our results imply that the distances over which the phenomena we document occur in typical inter-tidal and shallow sub-tidal contexts are of the same order of magnitude as sizes of patches of saltmarsh plants and seagrasses. This indicates that the reported patch length effects are highly relevant to understanding eco-hydrological interactions in these contextsThis project has been funded by the University of Girona through grant MPCUdG2016-006 and by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of the Spanish Government through the grant CGL2017-86515-PElsevierMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (Espanya)2021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpeer-reviewedapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10256/19363Journal of Hydrology, 2021, vol. 594, art. núm.125750Articles publicats (D-F)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125750info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0022-1694info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2017-86515-PAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10256/193632026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth
title Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth
spellingShingle Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth
Soler i Ortega, Marianna
Hidrodinàmica
Hydrodynamics
Sedimentació
Sedimentation and deposition
title_short Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth
title_full Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth
title_fullStr Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth
title_full_unstemmed Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth
title_sort Hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in turbidity currents: Comparing continuous and patchy vegetation canopies, and the effects of water depth
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Soler i Ortega, Marianna
Serra Putellas, Teresa
Folkard, Andrew
Colomer, Jordi
author Soler i Ortega, Marianna
author_facet Soler i Ortega, Marianna
Serra Putellas, Teresa
Folkard, Andrew
Colomer, Jordi
author_role author
author2 Serra Putellas, Teresa
Folkard, Andrew
Colomer, Jordi
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Espanya)
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Hidrodinàmica
Hydrodynamics
Sedimentació
Sedimentation and deposition
topic Hidrodinàmica
Hydrodynamics
Sedimentació
Sedimentation and deposition
description A flume experiment was carried out to improve understanding of interactions between turbidity currents and aquatic vegetation canopies and their landscape-scale consequences. It focussed on comparing hydrodynamics and sediment deposition in continuous canopies with those in vegetation patches, and on the effects of varying water depth – both of which are previously unreported. The currents’ particulate load was characterised as a mix of fine and coarse fractions. Varying canopy frontal densities, a, and water depths, H, were used. Fifteen runs were carried out with the flume fully vegetated, and a further ten with shorter vegetation patches. In all runs, the currents evolved as expected through inertial, drag-dominated and viscous regimes. The positions at which transitions between the regimes occurred were measured and analysed. In the fully-vegetated runs, both transition positions varied linearly with aH for aH < 0.8, and were constant when aH > 0.8. We argue that the variation at lower values of aH is caused by non-canopy drag forces becoming non-negligible compared to the canopy drag. An equation is derived that models, as a function of a and H, the size a vegetation patch needs to be for its effect on turbidity currents to be the same as that of a continuous canopy. The sediment depositional flux rate for fine particles from the currents within the vegetation was greater than that for coarse particles, by a factor of 1.57. This suggests that bed sediment deposited within canopy patches by turbidity currents will be on average finer than that in gaps between patches, as has been found previously for currents and waves. Thus, this effect will contribute to the development of inter-tidal and shallow sub-tidal landscapes characterized by patches of dense vegetation and fine sediments, surrounded by bare regions with coarser sediments. Our results imply that the distances over which the phenomena we document occur in typical inter-tidal and shallow sub-tidal contexts are of the same order of magnitude as sizes of patches of saltmarsh plants and seagrasses. This indicates that the reported patch length effects are highly relevant to understanding eco-hydrological interactions in these contexts
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
peer-reviewed
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10256/19363
url http://hdl.handle.net/10256/19363
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125750
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0022-1694
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2017-86515-P
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Hydrology, 2021, vol. 594, art. núm.125750
Articles publicats (D-F)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.812455

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