Análisis de diversidad genética y conectividad de ballenas jorobadas (Megaptera novaeangliae), mediante el análisis de la región control de ADN mitocondrial en la costa de Esmeraldas, Ecuador durante las temporadas 2010-2014

The humpback whale is considered a cosmopolitan species, distributed all around the world. For many years it has been victim of hunting activities, largely reducing the number of individuals accounted for. The information available on their migratory cycles and connectivity between feeding and breed...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Espinosa de los Monteros Silva, Nina Quilla
Tipo de recurso: tesis de maestría
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2015
País:Ecuador
Institución:Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Repositorio:Repositorio Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Idioma:español
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.usfq.edu.ec:23000/4489
Acceso en línea:http://repositorio.usfq.edu.ec/handle/23000/4489
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ballenas - Genética - 2010-2014 - Esmeraldas (Ecuador)
Cetáceos - Genética
Ciencias
Zoología
Descripción
Sumario:The humpback whale is considered a cosmopolitan species, distributed all around the world. For many years it has been victim of hunting activities, largely reducing the number of individuals accounted for. The information available on their migratory cycles and connectivity between feeding and breeding areas in the Southeastern Pacific is not enough for a clear determination of how these cycles may occur. This project represents the third phase of a research (2013 and 2014 seasons) that seeks to assess the genetic diversity of humpbacks whales of the coast of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. A total of 25 skin samples were obtained by whale Paxarm biopsy darts. The sex of the individuals was determined by amplifying fragments from the SFX / SFY region using restriction enzymes (Taq1). A fragment of the mtDNA control region of about 500pb, was amplified and sequenced to determine the haplotypes were identified, 6 for the samples collected in 2013 and 6 for the samples collected in 2014. The haplotype (H ± sd) and nucleotide diversity (π ± sd) for 2013, was approximately 0.782 ± 0.015 and 0.016 ± 0.009, respectively; which was, lower in relation to other areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Data from all phases of study (2010-2014) was collected and different analysis were established by AMOVA, a statistical tool from Arlequin 3.5 software. Genetic diversity in Esmeraldas was higher in comparison to other areas in Stock G (Santa Elena and Colombia). As for feeding in the Southern Hemisphere, a marked difference between humpback whales from the coast of Esmeraldas and the Strait of Magellan was found, with a greater connectivity between whales from Esmeraldas and the feeding area of the Antarctic Peninsula. The comparison between sexes showed no relevant information.